This book describes programming techniques for writing applications that use persistent memory. It is written for experienced software developers, but we assume no previous experience using persistent memory. We provide many code examples in a variety of programming languages. Most programmers will understand these examples, even if they have not previously used the specific language. he persistent memory products on the market can be used in various ways, and many of these ways are transparent to applications. For example, all persistent memory products we encountered support the storage interfaces and standard file API’s just like any solid-state disk (SSD). Accessing data on an SSD is simple and well-understood, so we consider these use cases outside the scope of this book. Instead, we concentrate on memory-style access, where applications manage byte-addressable data structures that reside in persistent memory. Some use cases we describe are volatile, using the persistent memory only for its capacity and ignoring the fact it is persistent. However, most of this book is dedicated to the persistent use cases, where data structures placed in persistent memory are expected to survive crashes and power failures, and the techniques described in this book keep those data structures consistent across those events.