This book is primarily concerned with the history of linguistics, but it is notsimplyaboutthe history of linguistics. For one thing, positions are taken belowon issues which (while they arise in a historical context) are discussed for theirown sake, such as the motivation for assuming a significant level of phoneticrepresentation in linguistics. Further, while the text traces the development ofphonological theory in the twentieth century, the goal of this exercise is notonly to contribute to the study of the history of linguisticsper se. Our intent is tostudy this history in relation to a particular issue: the balance betweenRulesandRepresentationsas components of a theory of language, and more particularly,as components of a theory of sound structure. It is our thesis here that currentviews on this issue can only be understood and appreciated in the context of thehistorical development of the field, and this leads to a presentation of the issuethrough the study of the forms it has taken in the work of various major figuresover approximately the past 100 years.