Our mobility system is changing rapidly. Due to technological developments like artificial intelligence, big data, connectivity technologies (e.g. 5G) and blockchain (see Section 2.2 for more information on
these technologies), but also due to changing preferences of travellers and companies getting used to digital services and demanding more and more ‘custom–fit’ mobility and transport services. Additionally, there is the urgency to realise sustainable and safe mobility, reducing its carbon footprint and aiming for zero casualties, as is clearly noted in the European Green Deal (EC, 2019c) and the EU Road Safety Policy Framework 2021-2030 (EC, 2019b). The COVID-19 crisis has shown us that our mobility choices can change substantially, are highly uncertain and difficult to predict and the crisis has accelerated the need for a digital infrastructure and mobility innovations. There are a lot of new emerging mobility solutions, like connected and cooperative Automated Mobility (CCAM), Mobility as a service (MaaS) and Self-organising Logistics (SoL). These solutions are possible by —and dependent on —key technologies like data science, 4G/5G/C-V2X connectivity, and artificial intelligence.