Since 1948, the study of human rights has been dominated by legal scholarship that has sought to investigate the development of human rights law, emerging jurisprudence, regional systems, the decisions and recommendations of human rights mechanisms and institutions and to a lesser extent the ‘compliance gaps’ between state commitments and actions. Even so, in all of these spheres there are elements that cannot be fully understood through a purely legal lens, moreover, if we understand ‘human rights’ more broadly, and look into the practical world of human rights work and human rights discourse, advocacy and activism, then we need to go beyond legal analysis. Indeed, to understand the world of human rights in both theory and practice requires interdisciplinary insight, as it covers an enormous range of social, political, economic and environmental issues. In this chapter, I will outline the contributions of two disciplines that were slow to contribute to the field of human rights but which offer vitally important insights that can guide both academic research and human rights advocacy. Sociology was initially sceptical with the normativity that is attached to human rights along with the claim of universality, which saw a sociology of citizenship effectively act as a substitute for a sociology of human rights. In a series of seminal contributions in the 1990s, Bryan Turner argued that the concept of citizenship, however, is closely linked with the modern nation state, a political form that has been infected with the problems of imperialism, globalisation, migrant workers, refugees, and Indigenous peoples (Short 2009). In a key essay for the journal Sociology, Turner (1993) suggested that globalisation has created problems that are not wholly internal to nation states and that consequently we should extend sociological inquiry to the concept of human rights. While few sociologists have attempted (like Turner) to develop a foundational social theory of human rights, there is now a growing body of research that embraces a more social constructionist view of human rights.