The benchmarks in this guide were developed using data from experiments carried out in England, Scotland and Wales over four growing seasons (harvests 2014-2017). These ‘reference’ trials examined winter and spring husked milling oat varieties. The trial sites are represented by the blue squares on the map. The benchmarks for winter and spring oats are presented in separate sections of this guide. Where the data indicate different crop performance in different regions of the UK (North vs South), benchmarks are displayed separately. In addition to the intensively-measured ‘reference’ experiments, commercial fields of Mascani (70 fields) and Canyon (47 fields) were monitored across four years (locations represented by the red symbols on the map). Key data from these fields are displayed throughout the guide where appropriate.