The Regional State of the Coral Triangle (RSCT) provides benchmarks on the biophysical, governance, and socioeconomic attributes of the six Coral Triangle countries, also known as CT6—Indonesia, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea (PNG), the Philippines, Solomon Islands, and Timor-Leste—and the threats, vulnerabilities, and emerging issues in each country and in the CT6 as a collective unit. Using the Driver–Pressure–State–Impact–Response (DPSIR) framework, this report explains the linkages among the higher-level outcomes; and the goals, targets, and actions, which constitute the regional plan of action (RPOA) and the national plan of action (NPOA) of the Coral Triangle Initiative on Coral Reefs, Fisheries, and Food Security (CTI). Specifically, this report summarizes the status of the biophysical, governance, and socioeconomic attributes of CT6; and highlights the unique social and ecological features of the Coral Triangle, which show the great value of coral reefs and associated habitats.