The establishment of appropriate sanitation has for long been presented as a chal-lenge for global development by international organizations, at least half a century.The League of Nations Health Organization, which became the World HealthOrganization (WHO), had recognized the importance of sanitation as early as the1930s, advocating appropriate sanitation in“rural”housing (Borowy2007:19–21).The origin of the recent global programs and discourses on sanitation can be tracedback to the 1970s—it coincides with the change in the global discourse on interna-tional development. From the 1970s, the discourse shifted, from modernizationemphasizing growth and industrialization to reducing poverty (Gubser2012). Withthis transition from economic development to human development, sanitationbecame a growing concern (Rosenqvist et al.2016: 301).In the 1970s, sanitation became a part of the basic human rights and basic humanneeds, and the 1980s was designated as the International Drinking Water Supply andSanitation Decade (1981–1990) (hereafter,“the Decade”).