The world’s oceans are already feeling the impacts of global warming. How may this affect the international management of marine living resources? In this book we examine the challenges that warming oceans pose to institutions for managing fish stocks that are shared by several states or straddle the high seas beyond national jurisdiction. Special attention is paid to institutional resilience – the capacity of management regimes to adapt to such challenges.In recent decades, changes in climate have affected natural and human systems on all continents and across the oceans. Scientific projections of climate changes expected by the mid-twenty-first century and beyond show that global marine-species redistribution and marine-biodiversity reduction in sensitive regions will challenge the sustained provision of fisheries productivity and other ecosystem services (IPCC 2015). Spatial shifts of marine species due to projected warming will bring invasions to high-latitude seas, and greater local-extinction rates in the tropics and in semi-enclosed seas. Species richness and fisheries catch-potential are projected to increase at mid- and high latitudes and decrease at tropical latitudes.