Process mining can be defined as follows:process mining aims to improve opera-tional processes through the systematic use of event data[1,2]. By using a com-bination of event data and process models, process mining techniques provideinsights, identify bottlenecks and deviations, anticipate and diagnose perfor-mance and compliance problems, and support the automation or removal ofrepetitive work. Process mining techniques can bebackward-looking(e.g., find-ing the root causes of a bottleneck in a production process) orforward-looking(e.g., predicting the remaining processing time of a running case or providingrecommendations to lower the failure rate). Both backward-looking and forward-looking analyses can triggeractions(e.g., countermeasures to address a perfor-mance or compliance problem). The focus of process mining is onoperationalprocesses, i.e., processes requiring the repeated execution of activities to deliverproducts or services. These can be found in all organizations and industries,including production, logistics, finance, sales, procurement, education, consult-ing, healthcare, maintenance, and government. This chapter provides a 360?overview of process mining, introducing basic concepts and positioning processmining with respect to other technologies. he idea of using detailed data about operational processes is not new. Forexample, Frederick Winslow Taylor (1856–1915) collected data on specific tasksto improve labor productivity [35]. With the increasing availability of computers,spreadsheets and other business intelligence tools were used to monitor and ana-lyze operational processes. However, in most cases, the focus was on a single taskin the process, or behavior was reduced to aggregated Key Performance Indicators(KPIs) such as flow time, utilization, and costs. Process mining aims to analyzeend-to-end processesat the level ofevents, i.e., detailed behavior is considered inorder to explain and improve performance and compliance problems.Process mining research started in the late 1990s [23]. In 2004 the first versionof the open-source platform ProM was released with 29 plug-ins. Over time theProM platform was extended and now includes over 1500 plug-ins. The firstcommercial process mining tools appeared around 15 years ago. Today, thereare over 40 commercial process mining tools and process mining is used bythousands of organizations all over the globe. However, only a small fraction ofits potential has been realized. Process mining is generic and can be applied inany organization.