Is museology a theory or a set of practices? Is it a science or just museum work? Is it the same as museum theory? Or is it autonomous from the museum? Is it a philosophy or is it based on social experimentation? Are we evolving towards the path of a metamuseology? If so, what are the boundaries of this ‘museology’ that has shown to have no boundaries in the past decades of theoretical research within the specialised committee that takes its name? This book results from the hypothesis that, in order to see museology as an autonomous and defined field of knowledge, it is necessary to know about the actors who have been engaged in the development of this discipline over the years. As a field of theories that are not solemnly bound to museums, having transcended the basic concerns of these institutions, over the last four decades, museology has gained academic credibility in several parts of the world. However, sometimes written with a capital ‘M’, Museology1 is still fighting to take its place in the ‘hall’ of contemporary sciences. The answers to the many questions posed above appear in the essays of some of the most prominent museologists of our time: women and men engaged in the re-definition of their area of study, and, consequently, re-defining their own role in such an area from the point of view of the academic field.