This edition has undergone major revisions and updates. The Standard Treatment Manual steering committee broadened the content included in these chapters, reflective of the increased capacity of health workers. Specific updates include a greater focus on communication and referral pathways, transfer and admission guidelines. Pharmacy and medicine administration instructions have been expanded, with a greater emphasis on dosage by weight, rather than dosing ranges. The neonatal section has been broadened in its scope, in line with changes in practice for Early Essential Newborn Care.