Indonesia has recently achieved a key milestone: the percentage of population living in urban areas has now passed 50 per cent. As this percentage is expected to keep increasing, we can safely conclude that never again will the majority of Indonesia’s population live in rural areas. Instead, the majority will be living in a range of urban settlements, such as small towns, larger towns, cities and mega-urban regions (MUR). This has important implications not only for the kind of lives Indonesian people will live, but also for the planning issues facing government. of urban areas, and discuss particular issues facing Indonesia’s mega-urban areas. These issues include infrastructure needs, liveability, sustainability and environmental concerns. This report will then provide a series of conclusions and policy recommendations, with a view to informing planning and practice for Indonesia’s development in the future.