Educating prospective parents about the benefits of making healthy choices before conception can significantly improve pregnancy outcomes for both mother and infant. Studies have shown that women of childbearing age can substantially reduce the risk of certain congenital disabilities, including spina bifida and other neural tube defects, by consuming adequate amounts of folic acid before and during pregnancy.1 Women who are considering pregnancy should also be warned about the dangers of using substances such as alcohol, drugs, and tobacco. Fetal alcohol syndrome, the most common known cause of mental retardation in the United States, is completely preventable. Smoking contributes to low birthweight, a significant risk factor in infant mortality. Women who smoke should be encouraged to quit before pregnancy.