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E-book Illustrated Pollen Terminology

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Penilaian

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During the first half of the nineteenth century, some fundamental insights into pollen morphology and physiology were achieved. Purkinje made the first attempt for a palynological terminology by classifying pollen based on their morphology (Purkinje 1830). Wodehouse (1935) pointed out that “Purkinje’s system of nomenclature deserved much more attention than was ever given to it by subse-quent investigators. A system of this kind, had it been put into use, would have saved much confu-sion.” Brown gave the first description of the origin and role of the pollen tube (Brown 1828, 1833). He credited Bauer as the first observer of the pollen tube’s nature, of the double wall in Asclepias pol-len, and for his minute drawings of Asclepias pollen. His brother Bauer, a great botanical artist, was the first to recognize compound pollen in Acacia and orchids. Cavolini described and illustrated the fili-form pollen of sea grasses Zostera and Cymodocea(Cavolini 1792).Göppert and Ehrenberg were the first to describe and depict fossil pollen grains and spores (Göppert 1837, 1848; Ehrenberg 1838). In 1834 von Mohl wrote his fundamental work entitled “Über den Bau und die Formen von Pollenkörner/On the structure and diversity of pollen grains,” which was a major contri-bution to the knowledge of pollen structure and descriptive classification. von Mohl and Fritzsche recognized the principal layers of the pollen wall and published new surveys on pollen morphology (von Mohl 1835; Fritzsche 1837). The term pollenin goes back to von Grotthuss (1814), John (1814), Stolze (1816), and Fritzsche (1834). The terms “exine,” “intine,” and “Zwischenkörper” were established by Fritzsche and published in his book “Über den Pollen” (Figs.3 and 4; Fritzsche 1837). He also dem-onstrated that apertures are predetermined in most angiosperm pollen while others are inaperturate. Zetzsche first coined the term “sporopollenin” to describe the resistant chemical substance present in the outer wall of both pollen grains and spores (Zetzsche and Huggler 1928; Zetzsche and Vicari 1931; Zetzsche etal. 1931). Campbell reported pol-len of seagrasses (Naias and Zannichellia) to be thin walled, without exospore (exine), and two-celled. Moreover, Campbell described the mitotic division of the generative cell into two (sperm) cells (Campbell 1897). Hofmeister and Strasburger pro-vided ground-breaking insights into the develop-ment and internal structure of pollen and fertilization (involves the fusion of a single sperm nucleus and the egg nucleus) and investigated the bi- and tri-cellular pollen condition of many angiosperms (Strasburger 1884; Hofmeister 1849). The role of the second sperm nucleus in the pollen tube remained unexplained until double fertilization was discov-ered by Guignard (1891, 1899); Nawaschin (1898). Nägeli studied the ontogeny of pollen grains within anthers and was the first to recognize the callose wall (Nägeli 1842). Schacht described differences in exine patterning, exine thickness, and apertures covered by an operculum. He also used cytochem-ical staining techniques to detect pollen reserves. He was also the first to cut sections of embedded pollen with razor blades for anatomical studies (Schacht 1856/59). Strasburger described the basic concepts of pollen wall development already in 1889, but major break-through in pollen wall ontog-eny was achieved much later by Heslop-Harrison (1975). The first successful classification of orchida-ceous plants based on pollen features was made by Lindley (1836). Later, Fischer recognized the potential of pollen morphology in aiding the phylo-genetic position of angiosperms (Fischer 1890).Paleopalynology was established at the end of the nineteenth century, when P.Reinsch published the first photomicrographs of fossil pollen and spores from Russian coals (Reinsch 1884). He also described methods for the extraction of palynomorphs from coal samples with concentrated potassium hydrox-ide (KOH) and hydrofluoric acid (HF). Von Post pub-lished the first pollen diagram (profile) using exclusively arboreal pollen (von Post 1916). Already before and especially after the Second World War, Schopf as well as Potonié published their impressive publications devoted to fossil spores and pollen (e.g., Potonié 1956; Schopf 1957, 1964). Schopf established the systematic study of palynomorphs, while Potonié was one of the first who recognized the stratigraphic value of paleopalynology, apply-ing his “turmal classification” system (Potonié 1934; see also “The Treme System and the NPC-Classification” below). The rise of stratigraphic paly-nology started shortly before 1950 and played a prominent role in petroleum explorations during the second half of the twentieth century (Manten 1966).

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Ketersediaan

Informasi Detail

Judul Seri

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No. Panggil

580 HAL i

Penerbit

Switzerland : Springer Nature., 2018

Deskripsi Fisik

483 hlm

Bahasa

English

ISBN/ISSN

9783319713656

Klasifikasi

580

Tipe Isi

text

Tipe Media

computer

Tipe Pembawa

online resource

Edisi

-

Subjek

Plants, Botany

Info Detail Spesifik

-

Pernyataan Tanggungjawab

-

Versi lain/terkait

Lampiran Berkas

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