City governments have many competing priorities – from the economic to social spheres – and have difficulty in appropriating the right amount of resources to biodiversity conservation. This is largely due to the lack of policy tools that take into account the value of biodiversity and the ecosystem services they provide. Nature is often viewed as an aesthetic luxury that few can afford. How…
Our Earth is the only known planet where water exists in three forms (liquid, gas, solid), and in particular as liquid oceanic water. Due to its high heat capacity, radiative properties (gaseous) and phase changes, the presence of water is largely responsible both for our planet’s mild climate and for the development of land life. The oceans represent 71% of the surface of the planet. They ar…
Over 90,000 animal species have been confirmed in Japan. Despite the country’s small size, some 38 million ha, repeated connections with and separations from the Eurasian Continent, its long, complex terrain stretching from north to south, high precipitation, four distinct seasons, disturbance caused by volcanic eruptions and river flooding, and human activities such as agriculture and forest…
Animals may be used only if the researcher’s best efforts to find a non-animal replacement or a method that does not interfere with the animal (e.g., a non-invasive method such as camera traps, scat collection, or use of tracks) to obtain the required information have failed. Where the use of animals is necessary, consideration must be given to the substitution of non-cephalopod invertebrates…
Buku ini berisi kumpulan artikel hasil eksplorasi dan pemikiran yang kritis dari para guru dan siswa Kolese Kanisius dalam mendalami dunia matematika. Disusun dengan semangat eksploratif dan analitis, artikel-artikel dalam buku ini tidak hanya menyajikan solusi atas matematika dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, tetapi juga mengungkap keindahan dan kekuatan logika di balik setiap konsep matematika.
Lion evolved in Europe, then moved down to Asia Minor due to climatic changes. African and Asiatic lion were separated about 55,000 years ago and then they evolved into two different sub-species. Thousand years ago, Asiatic lion was found in north Africa along Mediterranean, Asia Minor, India and perhaps a part of Europe. Till the 19th century, it survived in a part of Asia minor-Iran, Iraq and…
The world faces a growing water disaster. For the first time in human history, the hydrological cycle is out of balance, undermining an equitable and sustainable future for all. We can fix this crisis if we act more collectively, and with greater urgency. Vitally too, restoring stability of the water cycle is critical not only in its own right, but to avoid failing on climate change and safegu…
This e-book contains information about sedges, grasses, and rushes.
Reaction kinetics basics: chemical mechanism structure; stoichiometry; rate equations for basic reactors; temperature and pressure dependence of rate coefficients; basic and statistical thermodynamics.
Combustion occurs when fossil fuels, such as natural gas, fuel oil, coal or gasoline, react with oxygen in the air to produce heat. The heat from burning fossil fuels is used for industrial processes, environmental heating or to expand gases in a cylinder and push a piston. Boilers, furnaces and engines are important users of fossil fuels. Fossil fuels are hydrocarbons, meaning they are compose…
The first comprehensive handbook on the seeds of trees and shrubs produced by the USDA Forest Service was USDA Misc. Pub. 654, Woody-Plant Seed Manual. The manuscript was ready for publication in 1941, but World War II delayed publication until 1948. The boom in tree planting in the 1950s and 1960s created a large demand for seeds and exposed the gaps in our knowledge concerning production and …
This guide focuses on the fascinating world of plants. Through books and other print materials, and exploration of actual plants, children will identify plants as living things, examine the parts of plants, experiment with what plants need to live and grow, and appreciate the importance of plants to people and other living things. There are more than 350,000 different species of plants on Earth…
The position and complexity of plant leaves are two of the first characters to look at when identifying plants. All species of maple in the preserve have simple leaves. In addition the leaves are attached opposite to one another on the stem. The only other tree genus with opposite, simple leaves is cornus (dogwood) but that genus has entire, not lobed, leaf blades.
The main function of the stem is spreading out branches bearing leaves, flowers and fruits. It conducts water, minerals and photosynthates. Some stems perform the function of storage of food, support, Protection and of vegetative propagation. The leaf is a lateral generally flattened structure borne on the stem. The leaves develop from the nodes. Their main function is photosynthesis and food m…
In the course of the eighteenth century, Newton's ideas (in different guises and interpretations) became a veritable hype in Dutch society. In Newton & the Netherlands Newton's sudden success is analyzed in great depth and put into a new perspective. URI
The history of developmental biology is interwoven with debates as to whether mechanistic explanations of development are possible or whether alternative explanatory principles or even vital forces need to be assumed. In particular, the demonstrated ability of embryonic cells to tune their developmental fate precisely to their relative position and the overall size of the embryo was once though…
In beauty and utility no other tree can surpass the coconut tree. It is the most extensively grown nut in the world, the most important palm. It provides people basic needs such as food, drink, shelter, fuel, furniture, medicine, decorative materials and much more. They are a necessity and a luxury. It is the "heavenly tree", "tree of life", "tree of abundance" and "nature's supermarket. Total …
Aristotle; mathematics and the physical world (astronomy, geography, mechanics), mathematical formalism (definitions, axioms, proofs via construct.
Agriculture is underperforming in many developing countries for a number of reasons. Among these is the fact that women lack the resources and opportunities they need to make the most productive use of their time. Women are farmers, workers and entrepreneurs, but almost everywhere they face more severe constraints than men in accessing productive resources, markets and services. This “gender …
This study is the latest forward assessment by FAO of possible future developments in world food, nutrition and agriculture, including the crops, livestock, forestry and fisheries sectors. It is the product of a multidisciplinary exercise, involving most of the technical units and disciplines present in FAO, as well as specialists from outside FAO. It continues the tradition of FAO’s periodic…
All flowering plants generally have four physical features in common: roots, a stem, leaves and flowers. The roots anchor the plant to the ground and collect water and minerals from the soil. The stem, which is the central part of the plant, carries the water and minerals around it and supports the leaves and flowers. The leaves absorb sunlight and carbon dioxide which the plant uses to make fo…
In cultivating the land, we live from and with soil fertility. An ecologically vital soil is continuously restoring its productivity. If we neglect its needs, it suffers as a result. The soil loses vitality, and becomes more sensitive to weather and erosion; harvests decline. In organic farming, damage cannot be offset by purely technical means. This is why an exhausted or degraded soil require…
Soils vary signifi cantly in their properties. They may be deep in some places, shallow in others, black or gray in colour, sandy or clayey in texture. Although the soil mantle covering Manitoba is far from uniform, all soils have some common factors. For example, all soil is a mixture of organic and mineral material plus water and air. While the major components remain the same, the proportion…
In broad terms, vectors are things you can add and linear functions are functions of vectors that respect vector addition. The goal of this text is to teach you to organize information about vector spaces in a way that makes problems involving linear functions of many variables easy. (Or at least tractable.) To get a feel for the general idea of organizing information, of vectors, and of linea…
Earth’s most incredible feature is the presence of life. The probability of life existing is so small that it is remarkable to exist at all, yet we take it for granted every day. We are surrounded by life everywhere we turn. Plants grow in our gardens, paddocks and forests; birds sit on our power lines; spiders inhabit the corners of our homes; ants find their way into our kitchens; bacteria …
Research shows that the closer we get to nature, the happier we are, the more worthwhile life seems, and the more we are willing to take action to help our wildlife and the environment. In the context of the problems our climate and wildlife are facing, closer relationships with nature are more necessary than ever before. A population that has a close relationship with nature and recognises the…
This status survey and conservation action plan describes the status and conservation needs of the eight bear species of the world. These species currently live in more than 65 countries/autonomous regions in four continents. They are a diverse group of large mammals living in a variety of habitats from tropical rainforests to arctic ice. Bears are the umbrella species in most of the ecosystems…
This contains information about black bear ecology.
Galaxies come in a range of colours and sizes. In spiral galaxies such as the Milky Way, most stars are in a thin disc. The disc of the Milky Way has a radius of about 15 kpc, and contains ? 6 × 1010M of stars. The disc stars rotate around the centre of the galaxy on nearly circular orbits, with rotation speed vc ? 220 km s?1 almost independent of radius r (unlike themotion of planets in the …
We, in the early 21st century, know that the Sun is a star, composed mostly of hydrogen, at the center of the Solar System, and with planets orbiting around it. But ancient people didn’t have access to the same tools we have today. Their understanding about the Sun was far more concerned with the day-to-day needs of living. As such, their notions have influenced the way we (still) think of t…
Butterfly watching is taking the country by storm! Naturalists for years have marveled at the beauty, grace and value of these wonders of nature and the increasing numbers of people now going into the field to look for butterflies demonstrates their charisma. The development of closefocusing binoculars has allowed modern butterfly enthusiasts a luxury not afforded their predecessors — the a…
Once upon a time 'The Scientific Revolution of the 17th century' was an innovative concept that inspired a stimulating narrative of how modern science came into the world. Half a century later, what we now know as 'the master narrative' serves rather as a strait-jacket — so often events and contexts just fail to fit in. No attempt has been made so far to replace the master narrative. H. Flori…
Crystallography is the experimental science of the arrangement of atoms in solids. The word "crystallography" derives from the Greek words crystallon = cold drop / frozen drop, with its meaning extending to all solids with some degree of transparency, and grapho = write. Unit cell is the smallest unit of volume that permits identical cells to be stacked together to fill all space. By repeating…
Biodiversity and environmental biobanks, which can stand by themselves or can be housed at e.g., natural history collections, botanical gar-dens, zoos/aquaria, or culture collections, are essential infrastructures not only to preserve and provide samples from different groups of organ-isms but also to sustain innovation, food security, natural resource management, biotech…
This book examines how our understanding of human sexuality and human body changes through the processes of mediation unfolding at the intersection of nonhuman life and the Internet. It analyses performances and simulations of human subjectivity, as well as digital image manipulation strategies that generate novel visions of bodily and sexual mutations, in the context of new materialist philoso…
his book is a thorough examination of Genome Finland, outlined in the extract above. By ‘Genome Finland’ we refer to the predominant presentation of Finnish genetics as a success story, and Finland as a milieu of unique excellence for biomedical research. In this book, we study the content of the success story and the image, how they came about, and what lies benea…
This open access book collects the historical and medial perspectives of a systematic and epistemological analysis of the complicated, multifaceted relationship between model and mathematics, ranging from, for example, the physical mathematical models of the 19th century to the simulation and digital modelling of the 21st century. The aim of this anthology is to showcase the status of the mathe…
Chaired by K Wüthrich (Nobel Laureate in Chemistry, 2002) and co-chaired by B Feringa (Nobel Laureate in Chemistry, 2016), this by-invitation-only conference gathered around 40 participants, who are well-recognized leaders in the diverse field of Chemistry. The highlights of the Conference Proceedings include short prepared statements by all the participants, and the recordings of lively discu…
In this chapter, we study the physics of wave motion. We concentrate on mechanical waves, which are disturbances that move through a medium such as air or water. Like simple harmonic motion studied in the preceding chapter, the energy transferred through the medium is proportional to the amplitude squared. Surface water waves in the ocean are transverse waves in which the energy of the wave tra…
As expected, the velocity increases when the tension increases, and decreases when the mass increases. An 80.0-m-long, 2.10-mm-diameter copper wire is stretched between two poles. A bird lands at the center point of the wire, sending a small wave pulse out in both directions. The pulses reflect at the ends and arrive back at the bird’s location 0.750 seconds after it landed. Determine the ten…
Global cumulative glacier mass change for (whole period) 1801 –2010 and (inset) 1961–2010. The cumulative estimates are all set to zero mean over 1986–2005. Glacial lake volume change (absolute magnitude change), 1990-1999 to 2015 -2018 (Shugar et al, Nature Climate Change, 2020). The research question posed by this study is to what extent BC reduction policies undertaken by South Asian c…
Cells are the basic building blocks of all living things. The human body is composed of trillions of cells. They provide structure for the body, take in nutrients from food, convert those nutrients into energy, and carry out specialized functions. Cells also contain the body’s hereditary material and can make copies of themselves. Cells have many parts, each with a different function. Som…
Turtles are in the class Reptilia, which includes snakes, crocodiles, and lizards. Marine turtles belong to the order Testudines, the first specimens date back 220 million years. Marine turtles are thought to have come from land turtles and freshwater turtles that lived about 230 million years ago in the Cretaceous period. The earliest sea turtle ancestor found so far is Desmatochelys padil…
Information about cattle instincts and associated behavior is a valuable tool that helps producers understand why cattle behave or respond as they do. Although cattle have been domesticated for a very long time, they are dictated by the herding instinct, especially if they perceive a dangerous situation. Cattle depend heavily upon sight, and they have a nearly 360-degree panoramic view. This vi…
Napier grows in low to medium altitudes. Napier grows in an altitude of up to 2000 m above sea level. However, altitudes of 2000m and above cause slow regeneration of Napier. Napier performs best if rainfall is above 950mm per year. Napier performs well in annual temperatures ranging between 18.3 °C to 26.6°C . In highland areas where morning frost occurs it should be noted that Napier grass …
The easy to use Syngenta Grass Identification Guide, produced in conjunction with specialists from the Sports Turf Research Institute (STRI), provides a quick and reliable means to accurately assess the main turf grass species. The Syngenta Grass ID Guide is uniquely designed to help identify grass species in closely mown turf. Following a route of characteristic physiological features you will…
OSHA has established permissible exposure limits (PELs), as specified in 29 CFR 1910, subpart Z, for hundreds of chemical substances. A PEL is the chemical-specific concentration in inhaled air that is intended to represent what the average, healthy worker may be exposed to daily for a lifetime of work without significant adverse health effects. The employer must ensure that workers’ exposure…
Conflict is increaslingly common in contemporary fish and wildlife management. The source of conflict is typically not a matter of biology; rather, it involes a clash of goals among stakeholders. To many in the widllife profession, conflict among stakeholders appears to be intensifying over time. The purpose of this project was to asses the social context of wildlife management in the US in an …
This unit is about wildlife ecology, and the ways people use information gathered by wildlife ecologists. Students will learn why wildlife ecology is important and how data gathered by ecologists is used to understand and make decisions about the environment. They will develop research skills in a reallife context by going “out into the field” and making first-hand observations of wildlife …
Composition of processed vanilla beans is fairly variable and complex due to a number of variables such as species, growth conditions, soil composition, fruit maturity and mainly, the type of processing. All these variables define the relative content of the chemical constituents in the processed beans, which makes it difficult to define their typical composition. Ranadive (1994) reported a com…