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E-book Performance Spaces and Stage Technologies : A Comparative Perspective on Theatre History
This article aims to analyze the composition and structure of street theatersin Chang’an, the capital of the Tang Dynasty in the early 9th century, mainlybased on the novelThe Tale of Li Wa(???).The Tale of Li Wais a love storywritten by Bai Xingjian, a scholar-official; however, it was adapted from astreet play performed by wandering entertainers in Chang’an (Seo 1987b: 476-505).The Tale of Li Wa, the novel version of the street drama, was edited intoTaiping Guangji, volume 484 published at the end of 10th century. I want tolook at the street performance and theatrical presentation born in Chang’anin the 9th century through the lens ofThe Tale of Li Wa.Behind the birth of this street love drama is the social transformationof the capital in the 9th century. Chinese society was encouraged by urban-ization’s progress and promoted the penetration of the monetary economy,the expansion of the commercial scale, and the complication of commercialorganizations between the 9th and 12th centuries (Seo 2019a: 126-143). As aresult, it increased the distribution density of human resources and materi-als nationwide, and promoted the common people’s remarkable rise, mainlyin cities. A unique urban popular culture began to develop in major cities inthe Tang dynasty. Chang’an grew into a large city with about 700,000 peoplein the 8th and 9th centuries, becoming one of the world’s largest cities at thattime (Seo 2019c: 96-163). Chang’an laid the foundation for national rituals and bureaucracy as theemperor’s political capital and his officials. It was also a city where ancienttraditional ideas intersected with the latest academic and literary trends. Thenew culture such as fashion,food,and music from Western countries,quicklybecame popular (Picken 1981-2000). Huge palaces and elaborately designedmansions of officials and merchantslined up,and it was also the center of art,where high-quality crafts, paintings, and books, including printed products,were produced (Seo 2004: 1-42). Chang’an was an international cultural citywith a variety of religious faiths,including Buddhism,Taoism,Manichaeism,Christianity, and Zoroastrianism (Seo: 2019b: 1-20).At the same time, Chang’an had a huge non-bureaucratic population andaccumulated commercial wealth as a capital city.It was a city of daily encoun-ters between people of different origins and classes. Various folk performingarts, including street performances, have been developed since the 8th cen-tury (Ditter 2011: 62-83; Shields 2014: 107-131).
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