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E-book Chapter 2 Viking Camps : A Historiographical Overview
As the range of papers in this volume makes clear, the subject of Vikingcamps is currently a thriving area of research, with both archaeologists andhistorians engaging with the subject from a range of perspectives. Both hereand in other recent publications, approaches include detailed studies of anumber of individual sites, studies of the camp phenomenon in different areas(particularly England, Ireland, and Francia) and discussion of particularthematic aspects of Viking camps and the groups who created and occupiedthem. This level of interest has developed over the last two decades as a resultof the investigation within that period of major sites at Torksey (Lincs) andAldwark (N. Yorks) in England and Woodstown (Co. Waterford) and Anna-gassan (Co. Louth) in Ireland, as well as the reinvestigation of Repton(Derbs) and the discovery of ninth-century phases in Dublin. Prior to that,although a number of potential sites of interest had been identified eitherfrom historical sources, or from features in the landscape, or a combination ofthe two, the only substantial site which had been investigated was Repton,excavated between 1974 and 1988 (Biddle & Kjølbye-Biddle 1992; 2001;Biddle, this volume), together with the nearby cemetery at Heath Wood,excavated between 1998 and 2000 (Richards et al. 2004). In the absence ofother sites, the interpretation of Repton provided a model for Viking campsin wider studies of the Viking expansion. Cemeteries at Kilmainham andIslandbridge in Dublin were also linked with documented ninth-centuryactivity in the area, including a possible camp, although until recently therewas no evidence of the settlements with which they might be associated, andthe likely location of such a camp (or camps) was disputed (Clarke 1998;O’Brien 1998; Ó Floinn 1998; Simpson 2005).The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of how the study of Vikingcamps has developed, and how this has been influenced both by the earlierinvestigations at Repton, and by the more recent discoveries as well as by widertrends in Viking research. I will begin by looking at the definition and scope ofthe subject, then review the study of Viking camps in different historical regionsand willfinally consider some of the thematic approaches to the subject.
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