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E-book Hate Speech
The termhate speechrecognises a wide range of harmful social practices anddiscourses. Let us take, for instance, Islamophobic blogs, cross burnings, racialepithets, or dehumanising pictures of Jews. If all these social activities fallunder hate speech, they must have certain elements or features in common. Itmight therefore be reasonable to think that a definition of hate speech shouldcomprise the essential elements that enable us to recognise the phenomenon.This chapter aims to demonstrate how Wittgenstein’s concept offamily resem-blance, which Brown7borrowed in his legal essayWhat is hate speech? Part II:Family resemblances(2017b), can help linguists and legal scholars better describehate speech. The discussion is divided into three parts, each corresponding to adifferent approach to hate speech. The first approach I deal with isordinary lan-guage analysis, a philosophical investigation method concerned with how verbalexpressions, in our case, the term hate speech, is used in non-technical, everydaylanguage (Wittgenstein 2009 [1953]). Then I analyse various legal scholarly at-tempts to define hate speech. Finally, the chapter provides an overview of theapproaches to a technical legal definition of hate speech in international law,common law and civil law.
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