The importance of global climate change in the international agenda is constantly increasing. All the countries have reached a basic consensus on actively implementing international conventions, strengthening climate targets and practical actions, despite the impact of the pandemic and short-term recovery. Under this background, the 26th Conference of the Parti…
Transport and tourism sectors are strictly related and interconnected with mutualgrowth dynamics. Tourist trends raised continuously and steadily along the lastdecades, reflecting the demand’s stimulation coupled with pushing economies(Cristea & Mantero,2020). Such trend drove the expansion of both tourism andtransport markets which achieved higher figures and better performances year afterye…
This chapter introduces area-based management (ABM) in shipping against the historical and policy backdrop of control of international navigation in defined areas of ocean space, culminating with the development of the international law of the sea in the twentieth century. The problematique of ABM in shipping is set out as a deliberate and scientifically supported exercise guided by mul…
Detecting single photons, the quanta of the electromagnetic eld, is of great signicance inscience and engineering. Aside from allowing to detect electromagnetic radiation with thehighest, quantum-limited sensitivity, it also enables numerous experiments in fundamentalphysics. Because of its universal quality, there is a wide range of applications for single-photondetectors in elds like optic…
A gentle vibration on my wrist, like the press of a thumb, triggers an almost automatic reaction. My arm raises from a resting position, tucked at my side, swiveling so my elbow settles into the crease between my leg and pelvis, about two feet below my tilted head, perfectly aligned with the direction of my gaze. With the rotation of my wrist, a m…
The ebook edition of this title is Open Access and freely available to read online. Specification for Tunnelling, Fourth edition is a standard industry document for tunnelling contracts and forms the basis of tunnelling specifications for projects throughout the world. It reflects current industry best practice and considers technological advancements over the last ten years. It also investigat…
Cities are growing worldwide due to an increasing population, and simultaneously,motorization intensifies. Challenges such as local environmental pollution, a lack ofspace, and saturation of existing infrastructure are thereby becoming more pressing.The urgency to act and the need for new forms of mobility sets the tone not only forpolitics, urban, and transport planning but also leads some com…
In 2014, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) warned that continued emission of greenhouse gases would have severe impacts on people and ecosystems. However, the implementation of climate policies is being delayed. Despite the growing number of policies to mitigate climate change, global emissions have been rising to ‘unprecedented levels’(IPCC, 2014). In reaction to this wo…
Wildfires, often called ‘bushfires’ in Australia, are an annual occurrence in Australia, especially in the southeast. Each year they burn thousands of square kilometres of bushland, blazing everything in their way. Some of the physical infrastructure erected or grown by people, such as fencelines, buildings and crops can be rebuilt and replanted, despite the deva…
The internal combustion engine was invented around 1790 by various scientists and engineers worldwide. Since then the engines have gone through many modifications and improvements. Today, different applications of engines form a significant technological importance in our everyday lives, leading to the evolution of our modern civilization. The invention of diesel and gasoline engines has defini…
According to the equations of the general theory of relativity, the universe is either ex-panding or contracting [17]. In order to circumvent the unthinkable, Einstein introduceda factor to keep the size constant. Some 20 years later, however, Hubble, who gave hisname to the telescope, discovered that the universe is actually expanding. He did thisby proving that the color spectrums of far star…
Engineering is where human knowledge meets real-world problems and solves them. It's the source of some of our greatest inventions, from the wheel to the jet engine. Marshall Brain, creator of the How Stuff Works series and a professor at the Engineering Entrepreneurs Programme at NCSU, provides a detailed look at 250 milestones in the discipline. He covers the various areas, including chemical…
The sphere packing bound by Shannon [18] provides a lower bound to the frameerror rate (FER) achievable by an(n,k,d)code but is not directly applicable tobinary codes. Gallager [4] presented his coding theorem for the average FER forthe ensemble of all random binary(n,k,d)codes. There are 2npossible binarycombinations for each codeword which in terms of then-dimensional signal spacehyp…
The Paris Agreement adopted in December 2015 sets out the trend toward decar-bonization, which calls for net zero GHG emissions by the latter half of this century.Along with this trend not a few countries have set ambitious emission reductiontargets to address it, and among them Japan officially set an 80% reduction target for greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 2050 in the Plan for Global Warmin…
This book makes the case that literary studies can play a key role in un-derstanding public debates in present-day pluralist democracies1 – by his-toricizing and contextualizing them through readings of carefully selected literary texts. The debates I discuss include those on different conceptions of liberty (as they arose, say, during the COVID pandemic), on identity politics an…
Megatrends are “large social, economic, political and technological changes [that]are slow to form, and once in place, they influence us for some time” (Kotler2002,p. 137). Trends, as an indication into a direction of change, are driven by megatrends.Forexample,agingpopulationisamegatrendandsomeofitstrendsarebuyinghabits,and workforce gaps. Megatrends are observed over decades (15+years) an…
In the final volume of the series, Chertok recounts the period of 1968 to 1974. Much has been written in the West on the history of the Soviet space program but few Westerners have read direct first-hand accounts of the men and women who were behind the many Russian accomplishments in exploring space. The memoirs of Academician Boris Chertok, translated from the original Russian, fills that ga…
In this third volume Chertok continues his fascinating narrative on the early history of the Soviet space program, from 1961 to 1967, arguably the peak of the effort. Much has been written in the West on the history of the Soviet space program but few Westerners have read direct first-hand accounts of the men and women who were behind the many Russian accomplishments in exploring space. The …
Much has been written in the West on the history of the Soviet space program but few Westerners have read direct first-hand accounts of the men and women who were behind the many Russian accomplishments in exploring space. The memoirs of Academician Boris Chertok, translated from the original Russian, fills that gap. In these writings, spread over four volumes, Chertok not only describes and re…
Much has been written in the West on the history of the Soviet space program but few Westerners have read direct first-hand accounts of the men and women who were behind the many Russian accomplishments in exploring space. The memoirs of Academician Boris Chertok, translated from the original Russian, fills that gap. In these writings, spread over four volumes, Chertok not only describes and re…
NASA engineers at Marshall Space Flight Center, along with their partners at other NASA centers and in private industry, are designing and building the next generation of rockets and spacecraft to transport cargo, equipment, and human explorers to space. Known collectively as Deep Space Exploration Systems, the Space Launch System (SLS) rocket, the Orion spacecraft, and ground systems at Kenned…
There can be little doubt of the canonical drone aesthetic: a flattened aeriality that moves with an inhuman smoothness, drifting, and pitching to capture an uncanny vantage. News reports, leaked videos, and Hollywood movies have all made a decidedly militarised drone vision all too normal: grayscale envi-ronments seen from above, punctuated by the white intensity of body heat as figures move b…
A fundamental pillar for the research work in the Department of Electronics,Information, and Bioengineering (DEIB) is its Ph.D. program in InformationTechnology, with more than 50 doctors graduating each year. The program ischaracterized by a broad approach to information technology, in the areas ofComputer Science and Engineering, Electronics, Systems and Controls, andTelecommunications.The ch…
The resistance-switching phenomenon, observed in a number of amorphousmetal and transient chemical oxides, such as SiO2, Al2O3, Ta2O5, has beeninvestigated since 1970 [1]. It has been established that such oxide materials placedin a metal-oxide-metal structure have the capability of changing their conductance inaccordance to the applied voltage and memorizing their conductance for a …
Above all, the building authority centres on preventing dangers to the public, which may arise from the construction process. In Germany, the general conditions governing the building, alteration or demolition of structures have been a federal responsibility since the 19th century. Even so, individual tasks were transferred to the Deutsche Institut für Bautechnik (DIBt) in an agreement and thi…
This open access proceedings presents new approaches to Machine Learning for Cyber-Physical Systems, experiences and visions. It contains some selected papers from the international Conference ML4CPS – Machine Learning for Cyber-Physical Systems, which was held in Hamburg (Germany), March 29th to 31st, 2023. Cyber-physical systems are characterized by their ability to adapt and to learn: They…
This book presents a comprehensive treatment of the principles of the mechanical behavior of materials. Appropriate for senior and graduate courses, Mechanical Behavior of Materials is distinguished by its focus on the relationship between macroscopic properties, material microstructure and fundamental concepts of bonding and crystal structure. Courtney's second edition brings the reader up-to…
Materials are probably more deep-seated in our culture than most of us realize. Transportation, housing, clothing, communication, recreation, and food production virtually every segment of our everyday lives is influenced to one degree or another by materials. Historically, the development and advancement of socities have been intimately tied to the members's ability to produce and manipulate m…
Understanding the basic building blocks of matter has been one of the most intriguing endeavors of mankind. Our understanding of interatomic interactions has now reached a point where we can quite comfortably explain the macroscopic properties of matter, based on quantum mechanics and electrostatic interactions between electrons and ionic nuclei in the material. There are many properties of mat…
Warren and Brandeis [23] cite the judge Thomas M. Cooley when making this statement and refer to a section on bodily integrity in his book [6, p. 29] where the original quote reads “The right to one’s person may be said to be a right of complete immunity: to be let alone”[6, p. 29]. However, Cooley mainly refers to the integrity of the h…
The IoT European Platforms Initiative (IoT-EPI) projects are address-ing the topic of Internet of Things and Platforms for Connected Smart Objects and aim to deliver an IoT extended into a web of platforms for connected devices and objects that supports smart environments, businesses, services and persons with dynamic and adaptive configu-ration capabilities. The specific areas of …
This chapter sets out the aims of this book and explains themethods and approaches applied in its production. It alsoaspires to be a guide, offering readers instructions as to howbest to use the book. We therefore strongly encourage allreaders to read this chapter carefully, so as to gain a clearerunderstanding of all the different aspects analysed in thisbook. This chapter also provides essent…
For thousands of years the oceans have been highly prized and have providedus with efficient transport and a plentiful supply of food. Therefore, it seemsobvious that our modern society should continue to use the oceans andmaximize the benefits. There might be great treasures of valuable materials,new bio-compounds and endless energy. However society is reluctant tochange an…
Robots have the connotation of a futuristic technology. In fact, however, theyhave been around for quite a while: Simple self-operating machines,so-calledautomata, existed already in ancient Greece, and the manufacturing tradi-tion continued on into medieval times (Truitt, 2015). In the fifteenth century,Leonardo da Vinci drew plans for a humanoid robot (Moran, 2006), and inthe eighteenth centu…
Human-Robot Interaction (HRI) is a multidisciplinary research field that integrates disciplines such as engineering, psychology, sociology, philosophy, and more1. Collaboration between different disciplines is necessary to achieve goals (such as developing robotic systems for human-aware navigation), but can be com-plicated as each discipline has a different jargon, uses different methods, and …
The discovery of radiation belts dates back to the dawn of the space age when theknowledge of the physical properties of the magnetosphere was still in its infancy. InFebruary 1958 the first U.S. satelliteExplorerI1carried a Geiger–Müller instrumentthat was designed to measure cosmic radiation. It indeed did so until the space craft reached the altitude of about 700 km when the instrument my…
MEC provides a distributed computing environment by placing compute and storageresources closer to the consumer or enterprise end user. The termMECwas first intro-duced in 2013, when Nokia Siemens Networks and IBM developed a platform calledApplication Service Platform for Networks to allow mobile operators to deploy, run,and integrate applications at the edge of the network [2]. In 2014, the M…
Air distribution affects air quality, thermal environment, and work efficiency. The goal of ventilation is to provide occupants with clean air for breathing and thermal comfort. In essence, ventilation means controlling air movement in rooms or built environments. It is the science of studying the interaction of natural convection and organized cur…
Levees are typically very long structures built above the natural ground level to either channel water or prevent it from flowing through. Excluding those built along canals, levees are designed to protect certain areas against river or marine flooding. This handbook only addresses riverine flood protection levees that pro-vide partial or total protection against floodplain inundation.As we wil…
Traditional concrete has a limited fluidity and needs to be actively compacted. Its performance has now been scientifically surpassed by highly technological mixtures based on multiple blends of powders combined with specially designed admixtures, showing rheological properties that make the fresh material self-compacting [1]. In spite of its many advantages (reduced energy consumpti…
Civil engineering has made an inestimable contribution to modern life, providing the crucial expertise behind our vast transportation systems and the wide array of built structures where we work, study, and play. In this Very Short Introduction, engineer David Muir Wood turns a spotlight on a field that we often take for granted. He sheds light on the nature and importance of civil engineering …
Currently, complexity is derived from reports provided by the controllers andpilots involved in the incidents, from which the mid-air collision risk is estimated.These incidents are extremely rare events, which make them infeasible to deriveany reliable statistics. Furthermore, not all incidents are reported, making it diffi-cult to infer how many true incidents have really occurred. Finally, t…
MRO companies strive to stay competitive Maintenance, Repair and Overhaul (MRO) companies constantly strive to stay competitive and respond to the increasing demand for short and predictable air-craft turnaround times. As they work towards shorter and better controlled aircraft down times and lower maintenance costs, they have identified process op-timization as the key element for innovation i…
Aviation has played an important part in shaping Australia’s culture and history through the course of the twentieth century. Australia embraced aviation from its earliest days, eagerly responding to its potential to cover a challenging country, to bring far-flung communities closer and to provide services that could not be delivered any other way. Add the romance of pioneer heroes, the vital…
n recent years, the Internet of Things (IoT) has been gathering pace andunleashing a very disruptive potential. According to Gartner, nearly fivebillion “things” were connected in 2015 and the number will reach 50 billionby 2020. However, the IoT does not only have a disruptive power but it isalso one of the main drivers and enablers for the Digitising European Industry…
Uraian dalam bahan ajar ini berisi tentang konsep energi, energi nonterbarukan, dan energi terbarukan dilengkapi dengan studi kasus dan video penerapan ilmu dari mata kuliah Teknik Energi. Penulis mengharapkan e-book ini sebagai bahan ajar yang komprehensif untuk mengembangkan kompetensi mahasiswa.
Ohm's Law states that, at constant temperature, the electric current flowing in a conducting material is directly proportional to the applied voltage, and inversely proportional to the Resistance. Ohm’s Law is the relationship between power, voltage, current and resistance. These are the very basic electrical units we work with. The principles apply to alternating current (ac), direct current…
Mine dynamic hazards mainly include the rockburst, high-speed landslide, coal andgas outburst, underground debrisflow, gob area catastrophic collapse, tailings damcollapse, and water inrush, etc. Rockburst is usually referred to as dynamiccatastrophe, which results in causalities and roadway destruction, caused by elasticstrain energy emitting in a sudden, rapid and violent way from coal or roc…
Radio spectrum is a natural but limited resource that enables wireless communi-cations. The access to the radio spectrum is under the regulation of governmentagencies, such as the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) in the UnitedStates (US), the Office of Communications (Ofcom) in the United Kingdom (UK),and the Infocomm Development Authority (IDA) in Singapore. Conventionally, theregulator…
The war in Ukraine, with the exposure of nuclear power stations and the danger of atomic warfare, has made the legacy of the Soviet nuclear sector of critical importance. The two authors map the Soviet nuclear industry in a shifting historical context, making sense of a complex socio-technical and environmental history. Taking an innovative approach, this book explores the history of atomic pow…