nterest of scientists has been deviating since 20th century, from the use of animals intheir experimental work towards substituting with‘Alternatives’, thus reducing the useof live animals in experiments. This‘Alternative’concept is principally the‘Replacement’alternative that was indicated in the book;‘The Principles of HumaneExperimental Technique’written by Russell and Burch …
In May 1951, Francisco Franco attended an international social security congressin Madrid. In the audience were experts and officials from across Spain, LatinAmerica, and western Europe, including ministers from various foreign govern-ments and representatives from international bodies such as the InternationalLabour Organization (ILO). Addressing the conference, Franco told delegates thattwo f…
The present research is based on several years of study and on visits to Morocco and Chefchaouen. It began in 2005, as a participation in an international cooperation project funded by the Tuscan region, which had as partners in Italy the SPEF Scuola Profession-ale Edile of Florence and the TaeD Department of Architecture and Design Technolo-gies "Pierluigi Spadolini" of Florence and as partner…
The Dutch limes zone roughly comprises a 50 km wide strip in the middle of the Netherlands, stretching from the North Sea until Germany over a distance of approximately 150 km from west to east. To the north, the zone is bordered by the course of the Rhine, which was established as the northern frontier of the Roman Empire around the middle of the first century CE. The Romans never …
Glass bead studies, using increasingly sophisticated methods, have become important in examining archaeological questions related to technology, chronology, and exchange in the ancient world. In this introductory chapter, the goal is to provide a context for the case studies presented in this volume, within the broader field of glass bead studies. For that purpose, we briefly review th…
In the past few years, there has been a significant increase in the use and development of KGs and their various applications. These KGs are designed to store world knowledge, represented as triples (i.e., .) consisting of entities, relations, and other entities, with each entity referring to a distinct real-world object, and each relation repre…
Levees are typically very long structures built above the natural ground level to either channel water or prevent it from flowing through. Excluding those built along canals, levees are designed to protect certain areas against river or marine flooding. This handbook only addresses riverine flood protection levees that pro-vide partial or total protection against floodplain inundation.As we wil…
The ‘universal value’ of vernacular architectural heritage in the prestigious UNESCO World Heritage List, although more or less recognised and considered in the holistic dimension of their integration in-to exceptional cultural contexts, which are themselves listed, is still very limited as shown by the 11211properties inscribed on this list to date, in 2020. The tangible and intangible val…
Rice straw is a residual byproduct of rice production at harvest. The total biomass of this residue depends on various factors such as varieties, soils and nutrient man-agement and weather. At harvest, rice straw is piled or spread in the field depending on the harvesting methods, using stationary threshers or self-propelled combine harvesters, respectively. The amount of rice straw t…
TheD. ?ak ?arn.ava(“Ocean ofD. ?akas”) is one of the last Tantric scriptures amongthose belonging to the Buddhist Sam.vara tradition. It consists of 51 chapters. Asdiscussed in Section 2 in this monograph, it was developed sometime between thelate-10th and mid-12th centuries, and the basic text of its extant version was mostlikely completed around the early 12th century in the eastern par…
Traditional concrete has a limited fluidity and needs to be actively compacted. Its performance has now been scientifically surpassed by highly technological mixtures based on multiple blends of powders combined with specially designed admixtures, showing rheological properties that make the fresh material self-compacting [1]. In spite of its many advantages (reduced energy consumpti…
Anthropogenic activity has resulted in the deposition of a complex combination ofmaterials in lake sediments, including synthetic polymers (plastics) that differgreatly from the Holocene signatures. Accordingly, plastics are considered oneindicator of the Anthropocene [1]. Plastic has for some time been known to be amajor component of riverine pollution [2–6], and plastic degradation products…
It is generally agreed that during the 3rd millennium BC (Chalcolithic) and the 2nd millennium BC (Bronze Age) complex transformations of the social dynamics within the diverse communities inhabiting the different regions of Europe occurred. This book intends to revisit such consensus by highlighting how researchers explain these transformations a…
Meliora is the motto of the University of Rochester. It translates to “ever better.” We have chosen Meliora as the theme of this volume and the title of this section. In the one essay in this section, Carlos Stroud documents how from its very incep-tion The Institute had a mission that was different from that of a usual academic department in a…
n an era where environmental sustainability and resource scarcity are becoming increasingly critical concerns, innovative approaches to wastewater treatment and energy recovery have gained significant attention. The convergence of nanotechnology and biotechnology has paved the way for revolutionary solutions that address these challenges in unprecedented ways. This book Nanobiohybrids for Advan…
In recent years, the emergent field of critical infrastructure studies has turned to interdisciplinary analysis of infrastruc-tures as complex worldmaking systems: They produce shared space and time, connect cultures and subjectivities, negotiate power relations, inequalities, or the mediation and circulation of material agency.1 Infrastructures often appear as networks of media technologies th…
Few studies have addressed recent emigration from European countries. The refu-gee crisis and migratory pressure have helped keep academic attention over the last few decades focused on immigration, asylum, reception and integration in Europe. However, these dynamics promoting entries into European countries coexist with other fairly significant dynamics promoting departures fro…
Many processes in nature and technology are influenced by droplet dynamics. Theseinclude ubiquitous phenomena and applications, such as rain clouds or fuel injec-tion into combustion chambers, but also highly advanced devices such as rocketengines or spray based production processes in the pharmaceutical industry. Dueto their omnipresence, droplets have been the focus of scientific interest for…
Artificial intelligence (AI) is the core driver for the fourth technological revolution,following the revolutions in steam technology, electricity technology, and computersand information technology. Since its emergence in the 1950s, AI has fully improvedproductivity, affected and changed the production structure and production relations.UnderstandingthehistoryofAIplaysanindispensableroleinthes…
In popular myth Nansen is the archetypal Scandinavian polar explorer – a manly, no- nonsense hero with little time for the sentimentality or plodding amateurism of his British contemporaries.1 However, Nansen’s account of this expedition, Farthest North (1897), reveals someone with a deeply romantic outlook whose musings on the Arctic ‘dreamland’ have much in common with the…
On 1 January 2007, Romania became a full member of the European Union. Thestatethat joined the EU was already since 1991 a constitutional republic with abicameral Parliament elected by popular vote and with a dual executive formed by adirectly elected president and an appointed prime minister. In the lead-up to itsaccession, Romania had to amend and adopt numerous laws in order to bring themint…
When Spanish conquerors arrived in the Western Hemisphere, they took the bizarre step of presenting a formal argument to Indigenous people about the legal legitimacy of colonization. In a ritual that repeated itself across the Ameri cas, the conquistadors stood in front of people they planned to colo-nize and recited the text of a document known as the Requerimiento. The first part ofthis tex…
ohn Cage’s 4'33" remains an echo, a repetition of the space of silence and all silence entails. Performed for the first time by pianist David Tudor in 1954 during a piano recital in Wood-stock, New York, it asks of the performer to sit at the piano, and to “perform” a piece of music. Tudor interpreted the instruc-tions Cage had written and sat at t…
In their definitive review of the Asian rice economy in the 1970s, Barker and Herdt wrote: “Most Asian rice farms are small ... and employ inten-sive labour practices in place of mechanisation ... [R]ainfall is the domi-nant climatic variable, and the rice crop is normally limited to the rainy season ... Rice dominates not only production and consumption patterns, but is also ine…
Agricultural development in Asia has undergone multiple phases and has experienced a remarkable evolution that also advanced general economic development. The region has become a major agricultural producer in the world due to the Green Revolution in the second half of the twentieth century (Hazell 2009). In particular, its rice exports have become essentia…
The farming and agricultural robotics industries are inextricably linked. This connection is reinforced every year at the FIRA International Forum of Agricultural Robots, where, inevitably, there are new players and new problems, bigger goals and better solutions.As the circumstances change, the innovators, disruptors, regulators and users change, too. This growth depends on everyone’s abilit…
This chapter lays the foundation by covering core concepts, including terminology, that are critical to have fresh in our minds as we learn how to accelerate C++ programs using data parallelism.Data parallelism in C++ enables access to parallel resources in a modern heterogeneous system. A single C++ application can use any combination of devices—including GPUs, CPUs, FPGAs, and AI Applicatio…
In July of 2013, I huddled closely with Yesenia, a mother of two and a respected community leader. We sat on a low wooden bench in the quiet green courtyard behind her home, high in the brown mountains of Andean Peru. I met Yesenia while doing research on the gendered impacts of Peru’s conditional cash transfer program, Juntos. Like most of the othe…
Compiler correctness is an old idea [37,40,41] that has seen a significant revival in re-cent times. This new wave was started by the creation of the CompCert verified C com-piler [33] and continued by the proposal of many significant extensions and variants ofCompCert [8,9,12,23,29,30,42,52,56,57,61] and the success of many other mile-stone compiler verification projects, including Vellvm [64]…
My ultimate goal in writing this book is to better position environmental edu-cators to contribute to environmental quality, sustainability, and resilience. To accomplish this goal, I have summarized research-based information on the myriad pathways by which environmental education can contribute to the health of the environment, the community, and individuals. Lik…
It has become commonplace to include programming in educational programes at all levelsand across a range of disciplines. Yet this still remains relatively uncommon in the arts andhumanities, where learning to program does not align explicitly with the related careeraspirations. This raises questions about what does or doesn’t get included in curricula, whythis may be the case, and which know…
Rock salt constitutive models are used to simulate the evolution of mines, boreholes, storage caverns for gases and liquids, and nuclear waste repositories in rock salt formations. A wide variety of thermo-mechanical constitutive models have been proposed for rock salt, yet even the damage-free (micro-crack-free) thermoviscoplastic behavior remains difficult to capture. The Munson-Dawson model …
The world in which we live is fragile; a small layer of organismic activity covers the planet like a microbial film on top of a large boulder. Nonetheless, humans treat the Earth as if anthropogenic impacts on this delicate biological layer may be absorbed by unfailing natural buffers. Yet, convergent and overwhelming evidence from all over the world underlines that mankind has al…
A challenge is that transforming these sectors must have a focus on equity because large parts of the world population depend on these two sectors and have their livelihoods connected to them. More than 500 million small farms form part of the world food systems, many of these farm families live in inadequate housing, and many are among the approximately 830 million undernourish…
The Earth, our home planet, was “born” some 4.5 billion years ago. Vol-canic and hot, the planet was rotating and cooling. In volcanic eruptions, gases such as CO2, CO, NOx and water vapour were released. Additionally, some atmospheric components including water (vapour) came from the Earth’s bombardment by meteors and comets. After a solid surface was formed whose temperature cooled down…
This open access edited book attempts to break new ground in investigating multiple facets of Vietnamese language, education and change in global contexts, engaging with global Vietnam through complex lenses of language and education. Issues of language, globalization, and global identities have often been framed through the lens of hierarchical/binary power relations, and/or through a dichotom…
The “Psychology of Human Thought” is an “open access” collection of peer-reviewed chapters from all areas of higher cognitive processes. The book is intended to be used as a textbook in courses on higher process, complex cognition, human thought, and related courses. Chapters include concept acquisition, knowledge representation, inductive and deductive reasoning, problem solving, metac…
Entrance into the sacred heart of the Sancang forest requires a steep descent of 337 unevenly aligned, concrete steps. With every passing year, the tentacles of tree roots make further advances in their inevitable quest to reclaim the forest floor. Ka handap; ka luhur – the Sundanese (West Javan) terms for descending and ascending – I climb the steps several times a day following gibbons fr…
Ethical problems, dilemmas, and unpleasant experiences arise in real-life settings. There may be a friend calling for advice in a difficult situation or when waiting at a bus stop seeing a person losing balance and hitting their head when collapsing. What is sensible advice, and what is the right thing to do in the specific setting? Ethics unfolds as lived experiences in our daily…
‘The music industry’ is commonly understood as a singular entity that is often portrayed as a place of shared concerns and goals. However, as many observers and academics have pointed out, this singular term is misleading and the very idea of a united place belies the reality which is ridden with tension and full of competing interests and industries (see Sterne, 2014). It is withi…
‘All right, so here we are in front of the elephants.’ This is the opening sentence of the first video ever uploaded to YouTube.1 What started in 2005 as an online platform for the upload of ‘homemade videos’ and the sharing of ‘ordinary people’s lives’ quickly became the nucleus of an intricate web of audiovisual interactions that reached through and beyond cyberspace. The year 2…
The court of Star Chamber remains notorious even now: commentators sometimes invoke its name to suggest that a judicial body or legal action is not quite lawful, something secretive and illegitimate. The court provoked concern in its own time, too, though its vilification deepened after its death. With roots in the mid fourteenth century, St…
Most Korean1 televi sion dramas end with a still screen image, designed to act as a cliff-hanger to each episode. The tension is left to linger for a while; then the credits start to run, accompanied by background music against the still screen frame, revealing the names of the drama series sponsors one by one. Since the mid-2000s, the names of Korean municipalities have started appearing in…
The implementation of these professional training courses assumed a far more engaging significance than what is commonly assumed by those who believe it their exclusive prerogative to interpret the transfer of the skills re-quired to carry out given activities. It also drew attention to the need to mod-ulate the interpretative key to the social role associated with the activities to be carried …
When it came out in 1997, Hayao Miyazaki’s Mononokehime ( Princess Mononoke ) was a new kind of anime fi lm. It broke long- standing Japanese box offi ce records that had been set by Hollywood fi lms, and in becoming a blockbuster- sized hit Mononokehime demonstrated the commercial power of anime in Japan. 1 F u r t h e r , Mononokehime became the fi rst…
Unifying Physics of Accelerators, Lasers and Plasma introduces the physics of accelerators, lasers and plasma in tandem with the industrial methodology of inventiveness, a technique that teaches that similar problems and solutions appear again and again in seemingly dissimilar disciplines. This unique approach builds bridges and enhances connection.
After providing an overview of the drones’industry history and its future evolutionfrom a technological point of view as a prologue to the book, in thisfirst chapter acontextualisation of the AiRT project is presented. We start by setting out theidentification of the problems on which the proposal was based, its objectives,methodology and work plan development, including the main achievements…
Enhanced and Assisted living environments (ELE/ALE) have been in focus ofthe researches for more than decade [8]. Adaptation of novel technologies inhealthcare has taken a slow but steady pace, from the first wearable sensors forchronic disease conditions and activity detection with offline processing towardsimplantable or non-invasive sensors supported by advanced data analytics forpervasive a…
We believe that by joining forces and harmonizing diverse theories, sources and methods of different academic traditions like those from China and Japan, the field of global history receives a new impulse through diverse case studies. The constant participation of special-ists in this field is crucial, as they share their experiences and new …
magine I tell you that Maddy is bad. Perhaps you infer from my intonation, or thecontext in which we are talking, that I mean morally bad. Additionally, you willprobably infer that I am disapproving of Maddy, or saying that I think you shoulddisapprove of her, or similar, given typical linguistic conventions and assuming I amsincere. However, you might not get a more detailed sense of the parti…