According to the equations of the general theory of relativity, the universe is either ex-panding or contracting [17]. In order to circumvent the unthinkable, Einstein introduceda factor to keep the size constant. Some 20 years later, however, Hubble, who gave hisname to the telescope, discovered that the universe is actually expanding. He did thisby proving that the color spectrums of far star…
Engineering is where human knowledge meets real-world problems and solves them. It's the source of some of our greatest inventions, from the wheel to the jet engine. Marshall Brain, creator of the How Stuff Works series and a professor at the Engineering Entrepreneurs Programme at NCSU, provides a detailed look at 250 milestones in the discipline. He covers the various areas, including chemical…
The sphere packing bound by Shannon [18] provides a lower bound to the frameerror rate (FER) achievable by an(n,k,d)code but is not directly applicable tobinary codes. Gallager [4] presented his coding theorem for the average FER forthe ensemble of all random binary(n,k,d)codes. There are 2npossible binarycombinations for each codeword which in terms of then-dimensional signal spacehyp…
The Paris Agreement adopted in December 2015 sets out the trend toward decar-bonization, which calls for net zero GHG emissions by the latter half of this century.Along with this trend not a few countries have set ambitious emission reductiontargets to address it, and among them Japan officially set an 80% reduction target for greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 2050 in the Plan for Global Warmin…
This book makes the case that literary studies can play a key role in un-derstanding public debates in present-day pluralist democracies1 – by his-toricizing and contextualizing them through readings of carefully selected literary texts. The debates I discuss include those on different conceptions of liberty (as they arose, say, during the COVID pandemic), on identity politics an…
Megatrends are “large social, economic, political and technological changes [that]are slow to form, and once in place, they influence us for some time” (Kotler2002,p. 137). Trends, as an indication into a direction of change, are driven by megatrends.Forexample,agingpopulationisamegatrendandsomeofitstrendsarebuyinghabits,and workforce gaps. Megatrends are observed over decades (15+years) an…
In the final volume of the series, Chertok recounts the period of 1968 to 1974. Much has been written in the West on the history of the Soviet space program but few Westerners have read direct first-hand accounts of the men and women who were behind the many Russian accomplishments in exploring space. The memoirs of Academician Boris Chertok, translated from the original Russian, fills that ga…
In this third volume Chertok continues his fascinating narrative on the early history of the Soviet space program, from 1961 to 1967, arguably the peak of the effort. Much has been written in the West on the history of the Soviet space program but few Westerners have read direct first-hand accounts of the men and women who were behind the many Russian accomplishments in exploring space. The …
Much has been written in the West on the history of the Soviet space program but few Westerners have read direct first-hand accounts of the men and women who were behind the many Russian accomplishments in exploring space. The memoirs of Academician Boris Chertok, translated from the original Russian, fills that gap. In these writings, spread over four volumes, Chertok not only describes and re…
Much has been written in the West on the history of the Soviet space program but few Westerners have read direct first-hand accounts of the men and women who were behind the many Russian accomplishments in exploring space. The memoirs of Academician Boris Chertok, translated from the original Russian, fills that gap. In these writings, spread over four volumes, Chertok not only describes and re…
NASA engineers at Marshall Space Flight Center, along with their partners at other NASA centers and in private industry, are designing and building the next generation of rockets and spacecraft to transport cargo, equipment, and human explorers to space. Known collectively as Deep Space Exploration Systems, the Space Launch System (SLS) rocket, the Orion spacecraft, and ground systems at Kenned…
There can be little doubt of the canonical drone aesthetic: a flattened aeriality that moves with an inhuman smoothness, drifting, and pitching to capture an uncanny vantage. News reports, leaked videos, and Hollywood movies have all made a decidedly militarised drone vision all too normal: grayscale envi-ronments seen from above, punctuated by the white intensity of body heat as figures move b…
A fundamental pillar for the research work in the Department of Electronics,Information, and Bioengineering (DEIB) is its Ph.D. program in InformationTechnology, with more than 50 doctors graduating each year. The program ischaracterized by a broad approach to information technology, in the areas ofComputer Science and Engineering, Electronics, Systems and Controls, andTelecommunications.The ch…
The resistance-switching phenomenon, observed in a number of amorphousmetal and transient chemical oxides, such as SiO2, Al2O3, Ta2O5, has beeninvestigated since 1970 [1]. It has been established that such oxide materials placedin a metal-oxide-metal structure have the capability of changing their conductance inaccordance to the applied voltage and memorizing their conductance for a …
Above all, the building authority centres on preventing dangers to the public, which may arise from the construction process. In Germany, the general conditions governing the building, alteration or demolition of structures have been a federal responsibility since the 19th century. Even so, individual tasks were transferred to the Deutsche Institut für Bautechnik (DIBt) in an agreement and thi…
This open access proceedings presents new approaches to Machine Learning for Cyber-Physical Systems, experiences and visions. It contains some selected papers from the international Conference ML4CPS – Machine Learning for Cyber-Physical Systems, which was held in Hamburg (Germany), March 29th to 31st, 2023. Cyber-physical systems are characterized by their ability to adapt and to learn: They…
This book presents a comprehensive treatment of the principles of the mechanical behavior of materials. Appropriate for senior and graduate courses, Mechanical Behavior of Materials is distinguished by its focus on the relationship between macroscopic properties, material microstructure and fundamental concepts of bonding and crystal structure. Courtney's second edition brings the reader up-to…
Materials are probably more deep-seated in our culture than most of us realize. Transportation, housing, clothing, communication, recreation, and food production virtually every segment of our everyday lives is influenced to one degree or another by materials. Historically, the development and advancement of socities have been intimately tied to the members's ability to produce and manipulate m…
Understanding the basic building blocks of matter has been one of the most intriguing endeavors of mankind. Our understanding of interatomic interactions has now reached a point where we can quite comfortably explain the macroscopic properties of matter, based on quantum mechanics and electrostatic interactions between electrons and ionic nuclei in the material. There are many properties of mat…
Warren and Brandeis [23] cite the judge Thomas M. Cooley when making this statement and refer to a section on bodily integrity in his book [6, p. 29] where the original quote reads “The right to one’s person may be said to be a right of complete immunity: to be let alone”[6, p. 29]. However, Cooley mainly refers to the integrity of the h…
The IoT European Platforms Initiative (IoT-EPI) projects are address-ing the topic of Internet of Things and Platforms for Connected Smart Objects and aim to deliver an IoT extended into a web of platforms for connected devices and objects that supports smart environments, businesses, services and persons with dynamic and adaptive configu-ration capabilities. The specific areas of …
This chapter sets out the aims of this book and explains themethods and approaches applied in its production. It alsoaspires to be a guide, offering readers instructions as to howbest to use the book. We therefore strongly encourage allreaders to read this chapter carefully, so as to gain a clearerunderstanding of all the different aspects analysed in thisbook. This chapter also provides essent…
For thousands of years the oceans have been highly prized and have providedus with efficient transport and a plentiful supply of food. Therefore, it seemsobvious that our modern society should continue to use the oceans andmaximize the benefits. There might be great treasures of valuable materials,new bio-compounds and endless energy. However society is reluctant tochange an…
Robots have the connotation of a futuristic technology. In fact, however, theyhave been around for quite a while: Simple self-operating machines,so-calledautomata, existed already in ancient Greece, and the manufacturing tradi-tion continued on into medieval times (Truitt, 2015). In the fifteenth century,Leonardo da Vinci drew plans for a humanoid robot (Moran, 2006), and inthe eighteenth centu…
Human-Robot Interaction (HRI) is a multidisciplinary research field that integrates disciplines such as engineering, psychology, sociology, philosophy, and more1. Collaboration between different disciplines is necessary to achieve goals (such as developing robotic systems for human-aware navigation), but can be com-plicated as each discipline has a different jargon, uses different methods, and …
The discovery of radiation belts dates back to the dawn of the space age when theknowledge of the physical properties of the magnetosphere was still in its infancy. InFebruary 1958 the first U.S. satelliteExplorerI1carried a Geiger–Müller instrumentthat was designed to measure cosmic radiation. It indeed did so until the space craft reached the altitude of about 700 km when the instrument my…
MEC provides a distributed computing environment by placing compute and storageresources closer to the consumer or enterprise end user. The termMECwas first intro-duced in 2013, when Nokia Siemens Networks and IBM developed a platform calledApplication Service Platform for Networks to allow mobile operators to deploy, run,and integrate applications at the edge of the network [2]. In 2014, the M…
Air distribution affects air quality, thermal environment, and work efficiency. The goal of ventilation is to provide occupants with clean air for breathing and thermal comfort. In essence, ventilation means controlling air movement in rooms or built environments. It is the science of studying the interaction of natural convection and organized cur…
Levees are typically very long structures built above the natural ground level to either channel water or prevent it from flowing through. Excluding those built along canals, levees are designed to protect certain areas against river or marine flooding. This handbook only addresses riverine flood protection levees that pro-vide partial or total protection against floodplain inundation.As we wil…
Traditional concrete has a limited fluidity and needs to be actively compacted. Its performance has now been scientifically surpassed by highly technological mixtures based on multiple blends of powders combined with specially designed admixtures, showing rheological properties that make the fresh material self-compacting [1]. In spite of its many advantages (reduced energy consumpti…
Civil engineering has made an inestimable contribution to modern life, providing the crucial expertise behind our vast transportation systems and the wide array of built structures where we work, study, and play. In this Very Short Introduction, engineer David Muir Wood turns a spotlight on a field that we often take for granted. He sheds light on the nature and importance of civil engineering …
Currently, complexity is derived from reports provided by the controllers andpilots involved in the incidents, from which the mid-air collision risk is estimated.These incidents are extremely rare events, which make them infeasible to deriveany reliable statistics. Furthermore, not all incidents are reported, making it diffi-cult to infer how many true incidents have really occurred. Finally, t…
MRO companies strive to stay competitive Maintenance, Repair and Overhaul (MRO) companies constantly strive to stay competitive and respond to the increasing demand for short and predictable air-craft turnaround times. As they work towards shorter and better controlled aircraft down times and lower maintenance costs, they have identified process op-timization as the key element for innovation i…
Aviation has played an important part in shaping Australia’s culture and history through the course of the twentieth century. Australia embraced aviation from its earliest days, eagerly responding to its potential to cover a challenging country, to bring far-flung communities closer and to provide services that could not be delivered any other way. Add the romance of pioneer heroes, the vital…
n recent years, the Internet of Things (IoT) has been gathering pace andunleashing a very disruptive potential. According to Gartner, nearly fivebillion “things” were connected in 2015 and the number will reach 50 billionby 2020. However, the IoT does not only have a disruptive power but it isalso one of the main drivers and enablers for the Digitising European Industry…
Uraian dalam bahan ajar ini berisi tentang konsep energi, energi nonterbarukan, dan energi terbarukan dilengkapi dengan studi kasus dan video penerapan ilmu dari mata kuliah Teknik Energi. Penulis mengharapkan e-book ini sebagai bahan ajar yang komprehensif untuk mengembangkan kompetensi mahasiswa.
Ohm's Law states that, at constant temperature, the electric current flowing in a conducting material is directly proportional to the applied voltage, and inversely proportional to the Resistance. Ohm’s Law is the relationship between power, voltage, current and resistance. These are the very basic electrical units we work with. The principles apply to alternating current (ac), direct current…
Mine dynamic hazards mainly include the rockburst, high-speed landslide, coal andgas outburst, underground debrisflow, gob area catastrophic collapse, tailings damcollapse, and water inrush, etc. Rockburst is usually referred to as dynamiccatastrophe, which results in causalities and roadway destruction, caused by elasticstrain energy emitting in a sudden, rapid and violent way from coal or roc…
Radio spectrum is a natural but limited resource that enables wireless communi-cations. The access to the radio spectrum is under the regulation of governmentagencies, such as the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) in the UnitedStates (US), the Office of Communications (Ofcom) in the United Kingdom (UK),and the Infocomm Development Authority (IDA) in Singapore. Conventionally, theregulator…
The war in Ukraine, with the exposure of nuclear power stations and the danger of atomic warfare, has made the legacy of the Soviet nuclear sector of critical importance. The two authors map the Soviet nuclear industry in a shifting historical context, making sense of a complex socio-technical and environmental history. Taking an innovative approach, this book explores the history of atomic pow…
This collection brings together essays concerned with the military profession and professionalism in Denmark, Norway and Sweden – theoretical and empirical studies of professional value systems, professional roles, professional logics, pro-fessional development and professional education and training.European militaries have changed, in some ways quite profoundly, since t…
The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) recognize the increasingly complex, interdependent nature of societal and environmental issues for governments and business. Tackling such "grand challenges" requires the concerted action of a multitude of organizations and multiple stakeholders at different levels in the public, private, and non-profit sector. Organizing for Sustainable Development prov…
The construction industry is typically divided into specialty areas, with each area requiring different skills, resources, and knowledge to participate effectively in it. The area classifications typically used are residential (single- and multifamily housing), building (all buildings other than housing), heavy/highway (dams, bridges, ports, sewage-treatment plants, highways), utility (sanitary…
This is the perfect way to keep up with the mountain of new terms and techniques facing today's hobbyist. This work is a clearinghouse of information for hobbyists and students interested in robotics, artificial intelligence, and electronics. It contains 400 definitions - all presented in concise, well-illustrated, non-mathematical style favored by amateur hobbyists. It covers the latest develo…
Before an object can be built, complete information about both the size and shape of the object must be available. The exact shape of an object is communicated through orthographic drawings, which are developed following standard drawing practices. The process of adding size information to a drawing is known as dimensioning the drawing. Dimensions are used to describe the size and location of f…
The consequences of material fatigue are some of the main causes of damage in load-bearingstructures. Thisappliestoapplicationsinmechanicalengineering, construction,the offshore industry and numerous other fields. In order to counter these problems, newmanufacturing processes are continuously being tested and new materials and joiningmethods are being developed in order to generate more powerfu…
There is a great demand for renewable energy and a need to diversify the renewableenergy mix. This can easily be seen on the significant annual increase in globalinvestment in renewable energy, such as wind and solar. Wave energy has even beenadditionally stimulated in some countries as they recognise its benefits and greatpotential. The technology push came mainly in the form of public grants …
Theflexibility provided by conventional generating units is very important sincethese units are the main resource for satisfying the net load. Theflexibility potential ofthe generating units depends by their present operational state and their technicalcharacteristics such as operational range, ramping rates, start-up time, shut-down time,and the minimum up and down times. There are several ind…
This open access book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Software Business, ICSOB 2023, which was held in Lahti, Finland, during November 27–29, 2023. The special theme of ICSOB 2023 was Digital Agility: Mastering Change in Software Business and Digital Services. The 27 full papers and 8 short papers presented in this book were carefully reviewed and …
This manual contains Mn/DOT Bridge Office policies and procedures for the design, evaluation, and rehabilitation of bridges. Except where noted, the design provisions herein employ the Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) methodology set forth by AASHTO. Mn/DOT utilizes a decimal numbering system to classify documents. The “5” before the hyphen represents a publication related to engine…