The term“built environment”refers to all aspects of the human-made surroundingsthat provide the setting for human activity: the human-made space in which peoplelive, work, and create on a day-to-day basis (Roof and Oleru2008). It ranges inscale from indoor to outdoor active spaces, and it extends in four-dimensional space(i.e., length-x, width-y, depth-z, time-t), so the boundaries among th…
he function of façades in architecture and the big portfolio of protective layersdeveloped by nature (skin, membranes, shells, cuticles) share several similarities. Innature, skin is the largest organ that protects the body from external invaders. Skinis a multitasker performing several functions critical for health and well-being oforganisms. Built from several layers, skin protects, regulate…