Oligonucleotides are short single-stranded sections of DNA orRNA that contain 20-deoxyribo-nucleosides or ribo-nucleosides,respectively, which are linked by 30–50phosphodiester linkages(Fig.1a). Antisense oligonucleotides are those that are complemen-tary to a section of naturally occurring RNA, such as an mRNA or aviral RNA, to form Watson–Crick base pairs and to thus inhibit abiological f…
For more than 150 years, since the publication of On the Origin of Species, biologists have focused on understanding the evolutionary chronicle of diversification and extinction, and the underlying evolutionary processes that have produced it. Although progress in evolutionary biology has been steady since Darwin’s time, developments in the last 20 years have ushered in a golden era of evolut…