E-book Sustainable Gardening : Cucumber

Cucumbers are members of the Cucurbitaceae family, also known as the cucurbits or gourd family (see Figure 1). The group includes crops such as winter and summer squash, watermelon, cantaloupe, pumpkins and gourds. It is believed that cucumbers originated in India over 3,000 years ago and then spread to China, Greece, Italy and North Africa (see Figure 2). By the 9th century, cucumbers were gro…

E-book Dog Training Theory

According to current knowledge, dogs’ visual acuity is assumed to be three to four times worse than that of humans. 1. Dogs see objects closer than 30-50 cm in front of them as blurry, which is why they sniff around when pieces of food are very close to them, for example.2 Dogs perceive movement much better than humans. They can detect small movements even at distances of almost one kilometre…

E-book Asiatic Lion

Lion evolved in Europe, then moved down to Asia Minor due to climatic changes. African and Asiatic lion were separated about 55,000 years ago and then they evolved into two different sub-species. Thousand years ago, Asiatic lion was found in north Africa along Mediterranean, Asia Minor, India and perhaps a part of Europe. Till the 19th century, it survived in a part of Asia minor-Iran, Iraq and…

E-book Climate Change and Water : UN-Water Policy Brief

Water is a precondition to life on Earth and is essential for sustainable development. Safe drinking water and sanitation are human rights.1 Water – including sanitation – is critical for socioeconomic development, food security and healthy ecosystems, and is vital for reducing the global burden of disease and improving the health, welfare and productivity of populations. The science is cl…

E-book Belize's Voluntary National Review for The Sustainable Development Goals

Belize has made significant development strides in the past decade. Its long-term development strategy, Horizon 2030, prescribes a pathway to increasing prosperity, eradicating poverty, improving social cohesion, caring for its natural resources, and securing peace and justice for all Belizeans. As a signatory to the United Nations Millennium Development Goal Declaration, the Government of Beli…

E-book The Woody Plant Seed Manual

The first comprehensive handbook on the seeds of trees and shrubs produced by the USDA Forest Service was USDA Misc. Pub. 654, Woody-Plant Seed Manual. The manuscript was ready for publication in 1941, but World War II delayed publication until 1948. The boom in tree planting in the 1950s and 1960s created a large demand for seeds and exposed the gaps in our knowledge concerning production and …

E-book The State of Food and Agriculture

Agriculture is underperforming in many developing countries for a number of reasons. Among these is the fact that women lack the resources and opportunities they need to make the most productive use of their time. Women are farmers, workers and entrepreneurs, but almost everywhere they face more severe constraints than men in accessing productive resources, markets and services. This “gender …

E-book World Agriculture : Towards 2015/2030

This study is the latest forward assessment by FAO of possible future developments in world food, nutrition and agriculture, including the crops, livestock, forestry and fisheries sectors. It is the product of a multidisciplinary exercise, involving most of the technical units and disciplines present in FAO, as well as specialists from outside FAO. It continues the tradition of FAO’s periodic…

E-book Guidelines for Soil Description

The main objective of research in soil science is the understanding of the nature, properties, dynamics and functions of the soil as part of landscapes and ecosystems. A basic requirement for attaining that objective is the availability of reliable information on soil morphology and other characteristics obtained through examination and description of the soil in the field. It is important that…

E-book Soil Management Guide

Soils vary signifi cantly in their properties. They may be deep in some places, shallow in others, black or gray in colour, sandy or clayey in texture. Although the soil mantle covering Manitoba is far from uniform, all soils have some common factors. For example, all soil is a mixture of organic and mineral material plus water and air. While the major components remain the same, the proportion…

E-book Nutrition Guide : Summer Food Service Program

The meal patterns at 7 CFR 225.16(d) outline the required food components and their minimum serving sizes in order for the meal to be eligible for reimbursement. A food component is one of the food groups that comprise a reimbursable meal. For example, a fruit or vegetable and a meat or meat alternate would be a food component. A food item is a specific food offered within the food component. F…

E-book Vanillla : Post-harvest Operations

Composition of processed vanilla beans is fairly variable and complex due to a number of variables such as species, growth conditions, soil composition, fruit maturity and mainly, the type of processing. All these variables define the relative content of the chemical constituents in the processed beans, which makes it difficult to define their typical composition. Ranadive (1994) reported a com…

E-book Papaya : Post-harvest Operations

The pawpaw (Carica papaya L.) is the most economically important fruit in the Caricaceae Family. In some parts of the world, specially Australia and some islands of the West Indies, it is known as papaw, or pawpaw, names which are better limited to the very different, mainly wild Asimina triloba Dunal, belonging to the Annonaceae. While the name pawpaw is widely recognized, it has been corrupte…

E-book Sweet Potato Cultivation and Post Harvest Handling

The sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L. (LamK) seemed to have originated in Tropical America, but, the exact location is not known. This crop is now grown throughout the tropics for its edible tubers, which are an important food source in many countries. Guyana is one of the tropical countries in which sweet potato is cultivated. The Regions of highest production in Guyana, are Regions 3, 4, and 9…

E-book Radiation and Health

Radiation is energy that moves through space or matter at a very high speed. This energy can be in the form of particles, such as alpha or beta particles, which are emitted from radioactive materials, or waves such as light, heat, radiowaves, microwaves, x-rays and gamma rays. Radioactive materials, also known as radionuclides or radioisotopes, are atoms that are unstable. In nature, there is a…

E-book Fruit Juice

Fruit juices are made from pure filtered fruit juice with nothing added. Sodium benzoate can be added as a preservative to extend the shelf life, but this is not essential. Properly pasteurised juice has a shelf life of several months. Most fruits can be used to make juice. The most popular ones are pineapple, orange, mango, grapefruit and passion fruit.

E-book Thunderstorms, Tornadoes, Lightning : A Preparedness Guide

For Americans, preparedness must now account for man-made disasters as well as natural ones. Knowing what to do during an emergency is an important part of being prepared and may make all the difference when seconds count. Some of the things you can do to prepare for the unexpected, such as making an emergency supply kit and developing an emergency plan, are the same for both a natural or man-m…

E-book Guidance on Sustainable Cricket Farming

As requests for advice on how to start cricket farms, or overcome problems that were being experienced arose, the idea of collecting existing experiences and formulating guidance on cricket farming emerged. This section seeks to address this demand for more and clearer guidance and information. It systematically describes basic management techniques needed to ensure best practices in rais…

E-book Kenyan Food Recipes

Complete absence or existence of limited quantified recipes has negatively impacted on optimal gains from dietary activities being promoted by the Ministry of Health (MoH) and Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries (MoALF) towards alleviating food and nutrition insecurity, and ultimately malnutrition. The lack of reliable quantified recipes in the country may have therefore led to inc…

E-book Milk and Milk Products

Information required in Section 7 of this Standard and Sections 4.1 to 4.8 of the General Standard for the Labelling of Prepackaged Foods (CODEX STAN 1-1985), and, if necessary, storage instructions, shall be given either on the container or in accompanying documents, except that the name of the product, lot identifi cation, and the name and address of the manufacturer or packer shall appear on…

E-book Forests and Water

As well as protecting water resources, forests also conserve biodiversity. National commitments to the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity are being fulfilled through measures to safeguard water and establish “protected” and “protective” forests, as well as many kinds of forests certified for sustainability. Forests also provide carbon fixation and several other environmen…

E-book World Cotton Day 2023 Report: Making Cotton Fair and Sustainable for A…

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E-book Limiting Climate Breakdown - Through South-South and Triangular Indust…

As we stand on the precipice of an escalating climate crisis, the relevance and importance of South-South and Triangular Industrial Cooperation (SSTIC) has never been more pronounced. SSTIC, as an international cooperative mechanism, holds a compelling potential to strategically address and limit climate breakdown. This publication seeks to outline the technical and economic dimensions of how S…

E-book Ending Hunger - Through South-South and Triangular Industrial Cooperation

Agribusiness development is largely predicated on the adoption and utilization of advanced agricultural technologies. This includes precision farming methods, integrated pest management techniques, innovative irrigation systems, and technologies that facilitate value addition such as advanced processing and packaging methods. By leveraging SSTIC, UNIDO is encouraging the exchange and adaptatio…

E-book Supporting Sustainable Supply Chains - Through South-South and Triangu…

As an indispensable axis of contemporary international cooperation, South-South and Triangular Industrial Cooperation (SSTIC) operates at the intersection of global value chains and sustainability. This strategic platform embodies an evolving paradigm, explicitly designed to foster the technical and economic prerequisites for the creation of sustainable supply chains. This publication elaborate…

E-book Green Hydrogen Sustainable Industrial Development: A Policy Toolkit fo…

Green Hydrogen represents a unique opportunity for the clean energy transition. Climate change is an existential threat to a sustainable future, but at the same time, facing up to the climate challenge is an opportunity to promote prosperity and a brighter future for all. Green hydrogen and its derivatives will play a vital role in the just energy transition. This collaboration between UNIDO, t…

E-book Maximising Nutrition in Fisheries and Aquaculture

The need to feed a growing global population and respond to increased demand for fish puts pressure on natural resources and challenges the sustainability of marine and inland fisheries and of aquaculture development. There is growing evidence of increases in resource conflicts (e.g. arising from competing demands for water resources in arid and semi-arid lands (ASALs) and ecological impacts (e…

E-book International Law Handbook : Collection of Instruments

The International Law Handbook was prepared by the Codification Division of the Office of Legal Affairs under the United Nations Programme of Assistance in the Teaching, Study, Dissemination and Wider Appreciation of International Law, pursuant to General Assembly resolution 70/116 of 14 December 2015. Ambassador Emmanuel K. Dadzie of Ghana proposed the establishment of this programme when he …

E-book U.S. Navy Program Guide - 2017

The U.S. Navy is ready to execute the Nation’s tasks at sea, from prompt and sustained combat operations to every-day forward-presence, diplomacy and relief efforts. We operate worldwide, in space, cyberspace, and throughout the maritime domain. The United States is and will remain a maritime nation, and our security and prosperity are inextricably linked to our ability to operate naval force…

E-book Developing Sustainable Food Value Chains: Practical Guidance for Syste…

This brief provides a rigorous and standardized approach for value chain analysis and design (VCA/D).1 It assumes that a specific value chain (VC) has already been selected and describes how to complete the first two steps for its sustainable evelopment, namely analysing the VC and designing an upgrading strategy and development plan for it.2 The next step, beyond this brief, is the implementat…

E-book FAO Publications Catalogue 2023

Only with knowledge can we free the world from hunger, malnutrition and poverty. According to the Basic Texts of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the Organization’s first function is to “collect, analyse, interpret and disseminate information relating to nutrition, food and agriculture”. FAO’s strategic focus on “the four betters” – better product…

E-book Father-inclusive Practice Guide : A Tool to Support the Inclusion of F…

It is becoming more apparent that the role of fathers in families is changing. Fathers, whether they are the primary caregiver, separated from the family, step-fathers or grandfathers are increasingly playing a greater role and becoming more active in their children’s lives. However many fathers are still reluctant to approach or utilise services because of the many and varied accessibility i…

E-Book The Impact of Disasters on Agriculture and Food Security 2023

Disasters are resulting in unprecedented levels of destruction across the world. These shocks and disruptions affect the functioning and sustainability of agricultural production and threaten the livelihoods of millions of people reliant on agrifood systems. Reducing the impact of disasters in agriculture requires a better understanding of the extent to which these events produce negative im…

E-Book World Food and Agriculture – Statistical Yearbook 2023

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E-book LRFD Bridge Design Manual

This manual contains Mn/DOT Bridge Office policies and procedures for the design, evaluation, and rehabilitation of bridges. Except where noted, the design provisions herein employ the Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) methodology set forth by AASHTO. Mn/DOT utilizes a decimal numbering system to classify documents. The “5” before the hyphen represents a publication related to engine…

E-book Minnesota White-Tailed Deer Management Plan

Roughly half a million people hunt deer each year in Minnesota and countless others enjoy seeing deer. Deer hunting generates nearly $500 million annually in total economic activity to the state, and the habitats that support deer sustain Minnesota’s $14 billion dollar a year outdoor recreation economy; however, because of their abundance, geographic range extent and size, deer can also have …

E-book Chilli Peppers

Commercial quality standards for agricultural produce are developed and approved by the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe through its Working Party on Agricultural Quality Standards. These international standards facilitate trade, encourage high-quality production, improve profitability and protect consumer interests. They are used by governments, producers, traders, importers and e…

E-book Human Rights : Handbook for Parliamentarians N° 26

Human rights are rights inherent to all human beings. They define relationships between individuals and power structures, especially the State. Human rights delimit State power and, at the same time, require States to take positive measures ensuring an environment that enables all people to enjoy their human rights. History in the past 250 years has been shaped by the struggle to create such an…

E-book Onion Production : Planting Through Harvest

There are many factors to be considered in selecting a crop for production. A farmer’s previous experience producing a crop, or the availability of a contract for the purchase of a crop are certainly factors in the decision. However, there are two factors which always must be considered. However, from a practical standpoint the number of years and crops to include in a crop rotation will dep…

E-book Small House (SH) Model Design Guide

A small house is an intentional community of 10, 12 or 14 residents and a staff of highly trained workers who live and work in a well-designed environment organized and operated around the guiding principles of autonomy and dignity. When successfully implemented, the Small House (SH) Model provides exceptional rehabilitative and hospice care and chronic disease management, with sufficient staff…

E-book Wood Handbook : Wood as an Engineering Material

Few building materials possess the environmental benefits of wood. It is not only our most widely used building material but also one with characteristics that make it suitable for a wide range of applications. As described in the many chapters of this handbook, efficient, durable, and useful wood products produced from trees can range from a minimally processed log at a log-home building site …

E-book Theme Report on Energy Access : Towards the Achievement of SDG 7 and N…

Universal access to affordable, reliable, and modern energy services by 2030 (SDG 7.1) is a prerequisite and catalyst for improving the living and working conditions of all the world's people. The lack of access to modern energy is a barrier to achieving several other SDGs, especially for the poorest and most vulnerable populations. Receiving access to modern energy helps people lift themselves…

E-book Ageing in the Twenty-First Century : A Celebration and A Challenge

It is one of the most important demographic megatrends with implications for all aspects of our societies. Ageing is already having a far-reaching impact on living arrangements and the way that societies and economies work. The process of change towards more aged societies is inevitable. Ageing is happening in different regions and in countries at various levels of development. It is proceeding…

E-book The Northern Continental Shelf of Greenland : Executive Summary

The Kingdom of Denmark signed 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (hereafter "the Convention") on the day it was opened for signature and ratified it on 16 December 2004. This Partial Submission is the fifth step in fulfilling the Kingdom of Denmark's obligation under Article 76(8) and Article 4 of Annex II to the Convention to submit information on the outer limits of its cont…

E-book Invasive Plants Field and Reference Guide: An Ecological Perspective o…

The USDA Forest Service recognizes that the threat of invasive plant species to public and private forests is serious and thatsuccessful progress in prevention, control, research, and restoration from the negative impacts of such invasions is only possible using a concerted and organized effort. Thus, the Forest Service-Eastern Region (Region 9), the Northeastern Area (NA) State and Private For…

E-book Satellite Imagery : Basic Information, Availability, Characteristics, …

The Landsat program consists of a series of optical/infrared remote sensing satellites for land observation. The program was first started by The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) in 1972, then turned over to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) after it became operational. Since 1984, satellite operation and data handling were managed by a commercial c…

E-book Animal Welfare Act and Animal Welfare Regulations

Passed by Congress in 1966, the Animal Welfare Act (AWA) sets general standards for humane care and treatment that must be provided for certain animals that are bred for commercial sale, sold sight unseen (Internet sales), exhibited to the public, used in biomedical research, or transported commercially. Congress assigned the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) the responsibility for enforcin…

E-book Rethinking Poverty

Despite remarkable progress achieved since the Second World War, especially in parts of Asia, abject poverty remains widespread in many parts of the world. According to the World Bank’s much cited “dollar-a-day” international poverty line, which was revised in 2008 to $1.25 a day in 2005 prices, there are still 1.4 billion people living in poverty, although this represents a decline from …

E-book Wild Life, Wild Livelihoods

This report responds to Resolution 2/14 passed at the second meeting of the United Nations Environment Assembly in May 2016, calling for “…an analysis of international best practices with regard to involving local communities in wildlife management as an approach to addressing the unsustainable use of and illegal trade in wildlife and wildlife products […]”. This resolution was motivate…

E-book Guide on Poverty Measurement

This Guide has been prepared by the UNECE Task Force on Poverty Measurement, which consisted of the following members: Giorgi Kalakashvili (National Statistics Office of Georgia), Bernd Becker (Federal Statistical Office, Germany), Nicoletta Pannuzi (Istat, Italy), Anna Szukiełoć‐Bieńkuńska (Central Statistical Office of Poland), Natalia Ignatova and Tatiana Velikanova (Rosstat, Russian F…