This topic measures the number of procedures, time, cost and paid-in minimum capital requirement for a small- to medium-sized limited liability company to start up and formally operate in each economy’s largest business city. To make the data comparable across 190 economies, uses a standardized business that is 100% domestically owned, has start-up capital equivalent to 10 times the income p…
The banana plant is a large perennial herb with leaf sheaths that form trunk-like pseudostems. The plant has 8 - 12 leaves that are up to 270 cm long and 60 cm wide. Root development may be extensive in loose soils, in some cases up to 9 m laterally. Plant height, bunch size and various other characteristics depend on the variety. Flower development is initiated from the underground true stem (…
This topic measures the number of procedures, time, cost and paid-in minimum capital requirement for a small- to medium-sized limited liability company to start up and formally operate in each economy’s largest business city. To make the data comparable across 190 Doing Business economies, uses a standardized business that is 100% domestically owned, has start-up capital equivalent to 10 tim…
This guideline was coordinated by Dr Chizuru Nishida, Coordinator of the Nutrition Policy and Scientific Advice Unit (NPU) in the WHO Department of Nutrition for Health and Development (NHD), with technical support and inputs from Dr Jason Montez, Technical Officer, NPU, and Dr Francesco Branca, Director, NHD. WHO gratefully acknowledges the technical input and expert advice provided by the mem…
This topic measures the number of procedures, time, cost and paid-in minimum capital requirement for a small- to medium-sized limited liability company to start up and formally operate in each economy’s largest business city. To make the data comparable across 190 economies, uses a standardized business that is 100% domestically owned, has start-up capital equivalent to 10 times the income p…
This study aims to identify and present options for the improved management of refuse-derived fuels (RDF) and solid recovered fuels (SRF)4 produced during the treatment of solid municipal waste (MW), thus reducing the quantities of waste being disposed of in landfills. It aims to raise awareness of this issue in the waste sector, not only among mechanical treatment plant (MTP) and mechanic…
Thailand joined the ranks of the upper-middle-income countries in 2011, with sustained high growth and rapid poverty reduction. Gross domestic product (GDP) grew an average of 9.5% per year between 1987 and 1996 on the back of political stability, a business-friendly regulatory environment, a large domestic market, open access to foreign investment, and greater participation in regional value c…
A series of unforeseen events caused an abrupt halt to the Philippines’ strong growth momentum in early 2020. As a result, the Philippine economy contracted by 0.2 percent year-on-year in the first quarter of 2020, a sharp reversal from the 5.7 percent growth over the same period a year ago. The growth contraction – the first in over two decades – was driven by a series of unexpected even…
“Argentina: Escaping crisis, sustaining growth, sharing prosperity” is an analysis on the medium-term agenda to ensure growth and shared prosperity in Argentina and comes at a time when the country is embarking on deepening structural reforms while dealing with recent sudden financial market pressures that emerged in April 2018. The current government came into office at the end of 2015 fac…
On September 30, 1943, His Holiness Pope Pius XII issued his now famous encyclical on scripture studies. Divino afflante Spiritu. He wrote : "We ought to explain the original text which was written by the inspired author himself and has more authority and greater weight than any, even the very best, translation whether ancient or modern. This can be done all the more easily and fruitfully if to…
Money is anything that is widely accepted as a form of payment for goods and services or repayment of debts. In the limited economies of POW camps, cigarettes became money as soon as they became the accepted form of payment for rations that prisoners were exchanging. In developed economies, such as the United States, the use of commodities as money has been replaced with paper currency endorsed…
The World Bank Group (WBG) Agriculture Action Plan 2013–151 summarizes critical challenges facing the global food and agriculture sector. Global population is expected to reach 9 billion by 2050, and the world food-producing sector must secure food and nutrition for the growing population through increased production and reduced waste. Production increase must occur in a context where resour…
The world was not doing enough for sustainable development, even before the pandemic. The existing gap in financing for the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals has been estimated at around $2.5 trillion.1 Growth in developing and emerging economies was, however, steadily reducing the number of people in extreme poverty. The recession caused by COVID-19 has reversed that process, al…
Agri-food is more than a strategically important economic sector. It is also crucial for society, because it provides affordable and sustainable nutrition for the population. An increasingly growing part of society, especially the young, are willing to pay more for sustainable food. This is important, as the sector is extremely sensitive to price changes. Crowdfunding can give more financing to…
Recent studies suggest that the virus was introduced to humans in at least two separate zoonotic transmission events at the Huanan market in Wuhan around November 2019. Raccoon dogs and red foxes were observed to be present at the market during the crucial period in late 2019 and many of these animals originated from fur farms in a region with extensive cave complexes housing Rhinolophus bats, …
As this report demonstrates, women are often more economically vulnerable than men and thus are less likely to be resilient in the face of the crisis. As economies emerge out of the crisis, it is important that governments generate long-term gender-inclusive growth by addressing the constraints that women face. Although most of this report was prepared prior to the onset of the COVID-19 pandemi…
The economy has grown rapidly, with real per capita income doubling in the 12 years to 2013. Human development has improved, marked by a significant decline in poverty and gains across a range of socioeconomic variables. The key sectors of the economy have gone from strength to strength, with Cambodia now the world’s 8th largest rice exporter and Asia’s 10th largest garment producer. The to…
The World Trade Statistical Review 2023 presents recent trends in international trade at a time of geopolitical and macroeconomic strains and technological challenges affecting the global economy and supply chains. The data cover merchandise and services trade broken down by geographical origin, main product groups and sectors, along with related data on key economic developments such as GDP gr…
The North East Region (NER) of India, comprising of ‘Seven Sister’ states namely Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, and Tripura along with Sikkim holds immense opportunity, resources and unexplored potential when it comes to agriculture and horticulture. This expanse is blessed with stunning biodiversity, optimal agro climatic conditions, water resources, fores…
Women, Business and the Law takes as its starting point that the equal participation of women and men will give every economy a chance to achieve its potential. Equality of opportunity allows women to make the choices that are best for them, their families, and their communities. It is also associated with improved economic outcomes. A significant body of research links reforms and policies aim…
Being a tropical and subtropical crop, citrus can be grown in a belt between 40 °N and 40 °S, except at high elevations. Minimum temperature and its duration time are the limiting growth factors sensitivity depends on variety. Intensive citrus cultivation requires the use of fertilizers, close monitoring and control of pests, diseases and weeds, effective irrigation and control of tree size. …
During this global acceleration, commodity prices rebounded. Copper prices, which are closely linked to the industrial cycle, increased 43 percent between October 2016 and March 2018, more than any other commodity. Oil prices increased 30 percent over the same period (figure 1.2, panel a), providing some relief for energy exporters and recipients of remittances in the eastern part of the region…
Every year, over 5.9 million children die, mostly from preventable or easily treatable diseases, and more than 95% of those deaths occur in developing countries. Pneumonia is the leading cause of death in children under 5 years of age, being responsible for at least 18% of all deaths in this age category (1). In 2010, there were an estimated 120 million episodes of pneumonia in children under 5…
Support for building adequate capacities in the health sector at a national level is particularly needed, given that the health sector both uses mercury and is responsible for diagnosing, treating and preventing the health effects of mercury. The sector’s role in prevention is well recognized, and includes identifying the health effects and sources of exposure to mercury; setting reference le…
Mental health is more than the mere lack of mental disorders. The positive dimension of mental health is stressed in WHO’s definition of health as contained in its constitution: “Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.” Concepts of mental health include subjective well-being, perceived self-efficacy, autonomy…
Onion is a herbaceous bulbous plant that is cultivated for bulb production either as biannual or perennial (depending on the cultivation conditions). It is probably originated in the mountainous regions of Central Asia. Onions are among the most widely adapted vegetable crops, and they can be grown from the tropics to subarctic regions. World production is nearly 85 million tons of bulbs on so…
Tomato plants are fairly resistant to moderate drought. However, proper management is essential to assure high yield and quality. The water requirement of outdoor grown tomatoes varies between 4000 - 6000 m³/ha. In greenhouses up to 10,000 m3/ha of water are required. 70% or more of the root system are in the upper 20 cm of the soil. Therefore, a drip system equipped with a fertigation device …
Farmed shrimp is among the fastestgrowing food products in the world. In less than two decades, global production has more than tripled from about 1.2 million tons in 2000 to some 4.2 million tons in 2017. As the global population and consumer affluence grow, farm-raised shrimp is becoming an increasingly important source of protein around the world. In the US alone, the average annual consumpt…
The Regional State of the Coral Triangle (RSCT) provides benchmarks on the biophysical, governance, and socioeconomic attributes of the six Coral Triangle countries, also known as CT6—Indonesia, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea (PNG), the Philippines, Solomon Islands, and Timor-Leste—and the threats, vulnerabilities, and emerging issues in each country and in the CT6 as a collective unit. Using t…
Worldwide, around 79 million ha of rice is grown under irrigated conditions. While this is only half of the total rice area, it accounts for about 75% of the world's annual rice production. In Asia, nearly 60% of the 138 million hectares devoted to rice production annually is irrigated, where rice is often grown in monoculture with two to three crops a year depending upon water availability. Ot…
The cucumber most likely originated in India (south foot of the Himalayas), or possibly Burma, where the plant is extremely variable both vegetatively and in fruit characters. It has been in cultivation for at least 3000 years. From India the plant spread quickly to China, and it was reportedly much appreciated by the ancient Greeks and Romans. The Romans used highly artificial methods of growi…
Does the child’s breathing appear to be obstructed? Look at the chest wall movement, and listen to breath sounds to determine whether there is poor air movement during breathing. Stridor indicates obstruction. Is there central cyanosis? Determine whether there is bluish or purplish discoloration of the tongue and the inside of the mouth. Is the child breathing? Look and listen to determine wh…
The Maldives, a chain of 26 coral atolls to India’s southwest, is one of the smallest countries in Asia and the Pacific by population and land area. Its estimated 341,200 people are widely dispersed over 188 inhabited islands across an archipelago more than 800 kilometers long and 130 kilometers wide. The capital city, Malé, is home to one-third of the people, yet has a total land area of le…
This topic measures the number of procedures, time, cost and paid-in minimum capital requirement for a small- to medium-sized limited liability company to start up and formally operate in each economy’s largest business city. To make the data comparable across 190 economies, uses a standardized business that is 100% domestically owned, has start-up capital equivalent to 10 times the income pe…
One boat is clear astern of another when her hull and equipment in normal position are behind a line abeam from the aftermost point of the other boat’s hull and equipment in normal position. The other boat is clear ahead. They overlap when neither is clear astern. However, they also overlap when a boat between them overlaps both. These terms always apply to boats on the same tack. They apply …
In recent years, significant progress has been achieved in delivering health-related interventions that are designed to achieve goals relating to improving maternal and child health, and reducing mortality and illhealth due to HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria. It is increasingly apparent, however, that the gains have been neither universal nor sufficiently broad-based and sustainable. Progres…
Tekanan terhadap stabilitas sistem keuangan meningkat pada semester I 2018, hal ini tercermin dari peningkatan Indeks Stabilitas Sistem Keuangan (ISSK) dibandingkan semester sebelumnya. Meskipun demikian, ISSK masih berada dalam zona normal. Pelemahan Indeks Harga Saham Gabungan (IHSG), peningkatan yield Surat Berharga Negara (SBN) dan penurunan nilai tukar Rupiah memberikan peningkatan tekanan…
This publication is based on an Asian Development Bank Technical Assistance (TA) implemented by the National Development Planning Agency in Indonesia. The TA was financed by The Netherlands Trust Fund under the Water Financing Partnership Facility for the project “TA 8432-INO: Improving Water Sector Planning, Management, and Development.” The report aims to disseminate the TA outputs of t…
China’s economic performance over the past 30 years has been remarkable. It is a unique development success story, providing valuable lessons for other countries seeking to emulate this success—lessons about the importance of adapting to local initiative and interregional competition; integrating with the world; adjusting to new technologies; building world-class infrastructure; and investi…
The success story of economic growth in Southeast Asia over the past few decades is well known. It resulted from an outward-looking strategy of export-oriented growth, coupled with openness to foreign direct investment by more developed economies both within Asia and outside, generally market-friendly policies, and extensive investment in infrastructure. It led to deep economic integration of S…