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E-book Medicine – Religion – Spirituality : Global Perspectives on Traditional, Complementary, and Alternative Healing
In the history of religions, tasks such as curing bodily ailments, treating the sick, and dealing with dying were often assigned to religious experts. Con-cepts such as the body, illness, and health were anchored in the world views and practices of the respective religious traditions. As Pamela Klassen (2016: 401) writes: “Medical knowledge and techniques have often emerged di-rectly from religious traditions, making the line between these two admit-tedly unstable categories—religion and medicine—particularly hard to draw with any certainty.” In historical contexts, the disentangling of medicine, re-ligion, and spirituality is seemingly impossible. With regard to contemporary societies, one may take Klassen’s observation a step further and ask whether it is at all possible to draw a clear line between “religion” and “medicine.” Research in medical anthropology tends to emphasize that on the emic level, actors often do not distinguish between religion and medicine.1 Besides, de-bates on secularization theory discuss the question of whether and in what ways the functional differentiation of modern societies that is observed in Europe and North America, including the differentiation of religion and medicine, can also be claimed for non-European countries and cultural tradi-tions (cp. Wohlrab-Sahr/Burchhardt 2017; for Japan cp. Rots/Teeuwen 2017; Schrimpf 2018).
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