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E-book Transformations of the Military Profession and Professionalism in Scandinavia
This collection brings together essays concerned with the military profession and professionalism in Denmark, Norway and Sweden – theoretical and empirical studies of professional value systems, professional roles, professional logics, pro-fessional development and professional education and training.European militaries have changed, in some ways quite profoundly, since the end of the Cold War (Edmunds, 2006; King, 2011; Segal & Burke, 2012; Edmunds, Dawes, Higate, Jenkings, & Woodward, 2016). Notwithstanding their differences, the Scandinavian countries are often considered to be similar in social structure, history and culture and to enjoy significant similarities in relation to welfare and defence policies and their political and military institutions (Knudsen & Rothstein, 1994). The military profession and professionalism in these countries, that is, have developed in remarkably similar contexts of reform and change. This edited collec-tion attends to these similarities while acknowledging some significant differences.The programme for the Presidency of the Nordic Council of Ministers in 2021 has as one of its “fundamental theses” the proposition “we are stronger and wiser together than as individuals.” The shared aim is ambitious; together the Nordic countries will be the world’s most integrated and sustainable region (see the Nordic Council of Ministers’ website www.norgen.org). This perspective is one of many useful to the understanding and analysis of the formulation of the Nordic countries’ defence and security policies. Denmark, Sweden and Norway have much in common in their geography, bor-ders, labour, languages, welfare systems and, to a certain extent, culture. More, they are all relatively small states – a fact obliging them to manage scarce resourc-es and to collaborate on matters benefitting from a united effort, such as joint purchases, research and the development of technology. They also share history (albeit a history experienced differently in each country: the Second World War is an example). With the end of the Cold War, the Scandinavian countries, geo-graphically situated in a borderland and constituting an interdependent security region defined by the major fault line between Russia and NATO (Bengtsson, 2020, p. 102), have certain specific defence circumstances in common. Not sur-prisingly, they often agree on the security threat and the risk assessment for the region.
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