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E-book Observing the Volcano World : Volcano Crisis Communication

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Penilaian

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Effective volcanic crisis communication is afundamental component of the concepts of miti-gation, disaster management, and disaster riskreduction. As part of this communication pro-cess, a number of tools have emerged that areregularly employed in volcanic crises that assistin the structure and formulation of communica-tive processes. This chapter focuses on four vitallessons learnt from key crisis events. First,advocating the need for resources to developknowledge surrounding dangerous volcanoes andestablishing potential threats via risk assess-ments. Second, the need to communicate theinherent scientific uncertainties in managingvolcanic hazards, which has led to probabilisticanalysis playing an ever-increasing role in crisiscommunication. Third, the value of providingwarnings, typically through networks commonlyknown as early-warning systems. Finally, theintricate role of decision-making, increasinglyassisted by various tools such as digital maps,automated messaging and alerting tools, as wellas new policies and procedures to communicatedata and knowledge. Together these lessons havegenerated a diverse range of volcanic-crisiscommunication around the world, shaped lar-gely by the crises experienced to date and by thecapabilities of the people and institutionsengaged in volcano hazard analysis and warning. The Nevado del Ruiz disaster prompted a sig-nificant paradigm shift within the global vol-canological community towards developing akeener understanding of local contexts whenissuing volcanic warnings. This event, however, s not isolated. A number of other volcanic crisesover the last 100 years have demonstrated thepowerful influence of the social context on acrisis, and the need to continue to investigatecrises where science and society come together ina pressured situation (see Table1). Societalinfluence can be demonstrated by: the influenceof political interference at Mt. Pelée, Martinique,1902 (Scarth2002); miscommunication betweenscientists and the media in Guadeloupe, 1976(Fiske1984); interactions between scientists andauthorities in Montserrat, in 1995 (Druitt andKokelaar2002); differing levels of trust andunderstanding of the uncertainties and risksinvolved in volcanic crises (Haynes et al.2008a,b); the importance of community leaders and pastexperience with volcanic crises (Andreastutiet al.2017) and the ability for early warnings tosuccessfully fulfil their purpose (Peterson andTilling1993), as key examples.This volume addresses many key events thathave shaped the paradigm of volcanic-crisiscommunication. Of the events listed in Table1,three are especially noteworthy, well-studiedcase histories: La Soufrière (1976), El Chichón(1982), and Merapi (2010); for these, we haveprepared detailed summaries from the manypertinent publications (see online supplementarymaterials). Acting as constant reminders, theseevents collectively have shaped practices aroundvolcanic crisis communication.

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Ketersediaan

Informasi Detail

Judul Seri

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No. Panggil

551.21 FEA o

Penerbit

Switzerland : Springer Nature., 2018

Deskripsi Fisik

754 hlm

Bahasa

English

ISBN/ISSN

9783319440972

Klasifikasi

551.21

Tipe Isi

text

Tipe Media

computer

Tipe Pembawa

online resource

Edisi

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Subjek

Volcanoes

Info Detail Spesifik

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Pernyataan Tanggungjawab

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Versi lain/terkait

Lampiran Berkas

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