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E-book Forests and Water

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Penilaian

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As well as protecting water resources, forests also conserve biodiversity. National commitments to the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity are being fulfilled through measures to safeguard water and establish “protected” and “protective” forests, as well as many kinds of forests certified for sustainability. Forests also provide carbon fixation and several other environmental services. Climate change will have a significant impact on hydrology and water resources (Bergkamp, Orlando and Burton, 2003). This may be manifested in increased catastrophes such as floods, droughts and landslides – all of which may be influenced by forest cover. Situations affecting the most vulnerable groups within societies require particular attention. Restoration of damaged/degraded forest ecosystems can help forests to “cushion” the effects of climate change. A brief discussion of forests’ role regarding water quantity (Chapter 2) and quality (Chapter 3) is followed by descriptions of special forest types or situations where the relationship between forests and water is especially significant (Chapter 4). These can be considered “red flag” warning situations, where protective values are very high. The special case of mountainous small islands is discussed in Chapter 5. Chapter 6 analyses the rationale and examples of payment for environmental
services (PES) programmes. These chapters explain and amplify the information presented in Table 1, which shows the impact of change in land use, for example among forest, agriculture and managed grassland, on various water parameters, at different scales. Guidelines are offered at the end of each section, and the study concludes with a brief set of recommendations in Chapter 7. The conversion of precipitation to groundwater and streamflow is reduced by the interception of forests and by evaporation from the tree canopy (see Figure 1). It is reduced further through transpiration of soil moisture from foliage. These can be described as losses to the useful water system, but it is through this water use and photosynthesis that trees produce wood, leaves, flowers, fruit and seeds. With its flora and fauna, the forest ecosystem is a major user of water, but also provides enormous benefits for humanity: from birds to boards to bears, from fuelwood to medicines, from carbon fixation to orchids and chestnuts, there is a treasury of products from forest biodiversity. Recreation and landscape aesthetics can be added to these, as well as a high degree of soil erosion control, and – in the right circumstances – avalanche hazard reduction.

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Ketersediaan

Informasi Detail

Judul Seri

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No. Panggil

577.3 FAO f

Penerbit

USA : FAO - Food and Agriculture Organization.,

Deskripsi Fisik

93 hlm

Bahasa

English

ISBN/ISSN

9789251060902

Klasifikasi

577.3

Tipe Isi

text

Tipe Media

computer

Tipe Pembawa

online resource

Edisi

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Subjek

Forest Ecology

Info Detail Spesifik

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Pernyataan Tanggungjawab

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Versi lain/terkait

Lampiran Berkas

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