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E-book BioMEMS : Science and Engineering Perspectives
A variety of areas, like aerospace, communication, medical, sensing, and actuation, started enjoying the advantages of miniaturization with MEMS technology or microsystem technology. As a result, the field of MEMS evolved into an enabling technology in the mid-1990s and gave rise to the creation of many subdisciplines, such as optical MEMS, radio frequency (RF) MEMS, power MEMS, etc., depending upon the focus of application. In this line, the field of BioMEMS was cre-ated with a focus on biological and chemical applications. The concept of integrating biochemical analysis with microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) is involved in the new field of BioMEMS, which is undergoing tremendous growth in a multitude of applications. The applications spectrum covers from tissue engineering to pro-teomics. Some of the applications include cell culture, cell sorting, cell manipulation, stem cell growth, separation and mixing of biological and chemical fluids, enzymatic reactions and gene isolation and transformation, DNA purification, antigen-antibody interaction, protein level inter-action, drug diagnosis and delivery, therapeutics, chemical and biosensing, etc. The important recent applications include point-of-care (POC) in vitro diagnostics, and synthesis of nanopar-ticles using BioMEMS. The field of BioMEMS inherits all the advantages of miniaturization, such as small sample volume, scalability, integration of multiple functions and fields, low cost, low power consumption, etc. As a result, the microsystems facilitate the implementation of many laboratory works at the microchips that are millimeters to centimeters in size. Some of the standard laboratory tasks that can be implemented under a microenvironment include sample preparation, mixing, separation, diagnosis, sensing, manipulation, control, delivery, data acquisition, and analysis.
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