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E-book Moral Ecology of a Forest : The Nature Industry and Maya Post-Conservation
For the Maya, the landscape in which they live, the k’aax (forest), has a moral ecology. It is the place where they feel “at home in the world,” where they are situated in an everyday engagement with their environment. It is also where their history, identity, spiritual beliefs, communion with other species, and ulti-mately their survival are rooted. The ethnic boundary that they made with me, although it might seem funny or even trivial, is a marker of their identity as a group tied to a territory. While they continue to make a livelihood in the for-est, a nature industry, led by gringos, debates what they should and shouldn’t do with their land. Some of these foreigners include government bureaucrats, en-vironmental NGOs, private entrepreneurs, conservation biologists, biosphere reserve managers, and even anthropologists. This book offers an ethnographic account that captures a decade of interactions between the Maya and foreign-ers over the fate of the Maya Forest. It is another chapter of ongoing and “un-finished conversations,” as anthropologist Paul Sullivan labeled them in 1989, between Mayas and foreigners. But they are more than just conversations: they are also interventions in their relations with nature and a struggle over how the Maya Forest ultimately should be preserved, or how it can be exploited as a global commodity, and thus over the fate of the Masewal who call the forest their home.Ultimately, foreign interventions in the Yucatan Peninsula are global in scope, whether it is a matter of extracting timber or capturing tourism dollars. Their objective has been expanding global exchange by the use of Maya labor and their forest resources and the alteration of landscapes. The Maya Forest has a long history of foreign interventions. As will be discussed in chapter 1, it be-gan with the conquest of the Americas, which paved the way for the later con-solidation and control of territories and peoples but also generated resistance to them. Present-day central Quintana Roo was the heartland of an independent region occupied by the Maya rebels of the Caste War of Yucatan in the nine-teenth century (1847–1901), one of the most successful indigenous rebellions in the Americas, and the last frontier to be conquered in what today constitutes the boundaries of modern Mexico. Today, its inhabitants, descendants of the rebel Mayas, continue to struggle over their place within the forest as they have since the pacification campaigns began in 1901.
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