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E-book Sago Palm: Multiple Contributions to Food Security and Sustainable Livelihoods
t present, as estimated by FAO, the world produces more or less sufficient food to meet the needs of world population and maintains sufficient food stock to cover nearly 25% of estimated annual utilization. Despite the positive situation on the sup-ply side, FAO’s estimation in 2014–2016 indicated that, globally, 795 million peo-ple were unable to meet their dietary energy requirements. Thus, around one in nine people in the world is suffering from chronic hunger and does not have sufficient nutritionally balanced food for an active and healthy life. The vast majority of these undernourished and chronically hungry people live in developing world (FAO 2015).While at the global level, there has been an overall reduction in the number of undernourished people between 1990/1992 and 2014/2016 (Fig. 1.1), different rates of progress across the regions have led to change in the distribution of undernour-ished people in the world. Most of the world’s undernourished people are still found in Southern Asia, closely followed by sub-Saharan Africa and Eastern Asia. Asia is a home of nearly two thirds (63%) of the total undernourished population (FAO 2015).Fig. 1.1 Status of world chronic hunger population (FAO 2015). To meet rapidly increasing combined food demand from both population growth and per capita food consumption increase, FAO projects that global agricultural production in 2050 would have to be 60% higher than that of in 2005/2007 if the world is going to satisfy food requirement at that time (FAO 2012a). According to a FAO study, most of the increase in production (nearly 90%) leading up the year 2050 (from 2005/2007 to 2050) is expected to derive from improved yields through agricultural research (Fig. 1.3). Some gains would also come from higher cropping intensity, predominantly in developed countries (FAO 2012b), and about 5% increase (70 million ha) from the expansion of arable land, mainly from developing countries in Africa and Latin America (FAO 2012b).
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