Text

E-book Low-Dose Radiation Effects on Animals and Ecosystems: Long-Term Study on the Fukushima Nuclear Accident

---

Penilaian

---

The data from Hibakusha relate to an instantaneous external exposure to high-dose-rate radiation, but cannot speak to long-term internal exposure at low-dose-rate (LDR). Thorotrast is an angiographic contrast medium composed of a colloidal solution of thorium dioxide, which is a natural ?-particle emitter. It was adminis-tered to wounded soldiers during World War II, and more than half of Thorotrast accumulated in the liver. Liver cancers have been evoked by this internal exposure decades after the administration. Thorotrast-induced liver cancers include intrahe-patic cholangiocellular carcinoma (arising from epithelial cells of the bile duct), angiosarcoma (from vascular endothelial cells), and hepatocellular carcinoma (from liver parenchymal cells) and occur at a frequency of about 3:2:1, respectively. More than 80% of non-Thorotrast liver cancer is hepatocellular carcinoma, while the rate “No immediate effects” ; Does it mean secure?How about the risk of cancer? No impact on offspring?Are low levels of radiation good for health?Is artificial radiationbad, but Radon hot spring good for health?Is internal exposuremore dangerous than external one?Questions frequently askedTotal body exposure to 4 Gy: LD50/60 (half die within 60 days by the small energy equivalent to increasing0.001oC of body temperature)Cancer risk increases if survived acute exposureCancer risk is higher if exposed earlier.Human effects of exposure to < 0.1Gy are unknown. Radiation specific pathological changes are unknown.Facts with certaintyFig. 1.1 Radiation effects on humans; what people want to know is hard to know and what we know is limited M. Fukumoto of angiosarcoma is negligible. These differences show how Thorotrast-induced liver cancer is crucial to understand the oncogenic mechanisms of persistent LDR inter-nal radiation in humans [3]. Supported by the War Victims’ Relief Bureau, former Ministry of Health and Welfare of Japan, approximately 400 Thorotrast patients underwent the postmortem pathological examination. Paraffin-embedded blocks, clinical course, thorium concentration and other information were comprehensively gathered. This systematic archive is valuable for elucidating the molecular mecha-nisms of human cancers induced by internal radiation exposure, particularly as it is composed of the world’s largest number of related cases with the highest quality of radiological and pathological information [4]. The profile of cancer induction is quite different between Hibakusha and Thorotrast patients, indicating that the mechanisms underlying the carcinogenic effect of radiation vary between external and internal exposure and, therefore, have to be analyzed differently [3]. LSS revealed that the likelihood of cancer is different depending on the originating organ [5]. However, pathological characteristics specific to radiation carcinogenesis have not been found. In disasters, such as the aftermath of nuclear weapons and nuclear power plant accidents, released radioactive materials cause both external and inter-nal radiation exposure. Once radioactive materials are ingested, they are not evenly distributed throughout the body, but become enriched in specific organs dependent on their chemical and physical properties, and the target organs are heavily exposed. Even in an organ, the distribution of radionuclides and irradiation at the microscopic level is not homogeneous [6]. In addition, deposited radionuclides form a much more complicated exposure profile than in external exposure, due to physical radio-active decay, biological excretion of radioactive materials [7], and dynamic remod-eling of the organ [8].

---

Ketersediaan

Informasi Detail

Judul Seri

-

No. Panggil

571 FUK l

Penerbit

Singapore : Springer Nature., 2020

Deskripsi Fisik

259 hlm

Bahasa

English

ISBN/ISSN

9789811382185

Klasifikasi

571

Tipe Isi

text

Tipe Media

computer

Tipe Pembawa

online resource

Edisi

-

Subjek

Physiology

Info Detail Spesifik

-

Pernyataan Tanggungjawab

-

Versi lain/terkait

Lampiran Berkas

Komentar

---

Anda harus masuk sebelum memberikan komentar