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E-book Advancing Environmental Education Practice
My ultimate goal in writing this book is to better position environmental edu-cators to contribute to environmental quality, sustainability, and resilience. To accomplish this goal, I have summarized research-based information on the myriad pathways by which environmental education can contribute to the health of the environment, the community, and individuals. Like other research-ers, I challenge the knowledge-attitudes-behavior pathway—the assumption that environmental knowledge and attitudes lead to environmental behaviors. Instead I review research that shows that certain types of knowledge are more likely than others to influence behaviors, and that sometimes it is better to work with existing attitudes than to try to change them. I then expand our purview of potential intermediate outcomes of environmental education beyond knowledge and attitudes to include nature connectedness, sense of place, efficacy, identity, norms, social capital, youth assets, and well-being. All these intermediate out-comes can be nurtured through environmental education and can lead to future environmental behaviors and collective action. Environmental education encompasses any learning activities that help ecosystems and societies thrive. It includes learning opportunities embed-ded in hands-on stewardship, citizen science, environmental activism, and unstructured time spent in nature. And it is part of a larger effort by policy makers, researchers, the private sector, and civil society to respond to pressing environmental challenges. The goal of environmental education is nurturing individual behaviors and collective actions that lead to healthy and resilient environments and communities. Whether you are a practicing or prospective environmental educator, I hope you will benefit from the synthesis of environmental psychology and related research found in the chapters of this book. Whether you work at a nature or community center, national park or urban pocket park, botanic garden or com-munity garden, in the school classroom, or in a museum, aquarium, or zoo, the information in this book should help you home in on ways you can most effectively engage and influence your participants. In addition to the environ-mental educator, this book is written for the college student volunteering in an environmental club or considering pursuing an environmental education career. Whether you want to directly improve the environment, to enhance systems knowledge and critical thinking, to create environmental norms and social capi-tal, or to foster youth development, you should be able to find information in this book to help you achieve your goal.
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