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E-book Status and Dynamics of Forests in Germany : Results of the National Forest Monitoring

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Penilaian

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What is the state of our forests and forest soils today? How have they changed overthe past 20 years? What actions have had an effect on their status and how? What arethe risks that continue to play a role or become relevant in the future? The presentreport based on the National Forest Soils Inventory (NFSI) as well as on case studiesfrom Intensive Forest Monitoring sites in Germany (see below) addresses thesequestions and provides a nationwide summary on the current state and developmentof forests and forest soils. The results offer scientific evidence supporting theevaluation of forest management approaches and policy options at different spatialscales.Forest soils are the basis for productive and resilient forests that in turn createopportunities for sustainable and successful forest management. Soils provide water and nutrients required for forest growth, buffer loading of toxins and acidificationand compensate for water shortages during droughts. Forests and their soils repre-sent one of Germany’s most natural ecosystems and contribute an important share toits biodiversity. As carbon (C) sinks (Höhle et al.2018), forests and their soils play akey role in climate protection and compensating for greenhouse gas emissions(Leitgeb et al.2013).The current condition of forest soils is the result of both natural changes over longperiods of time and anthropogenic influences. Natural factors that contribute to theformation of soils include the parent material, climate, relief and theflora and fauna(Blume et al.2010).Over the past decades, impacts from atmospheric pollution caused by humanshave had a significant impact on forests (Ellenberg1971; Ulrich1987). At the end ofthe 1970s and in the early 1980s, air pollution effects on forests became evidentbased on the condition of the crowns of the trees, followed by the discussion about“forest dieback”and new types of forest damage (Kauppi et al.1990; Ulrich1983).In addition, for many German forest stands, an increasing risk of drought stress hasbeen identified over the last 60 years, due to climate change (von Wilpert et al.2016;Schmidt-Walter et al.2017). Thus, forests can suffer also from interactive effects ofboth atmospheric pollution and climate change impacts like increasing drought (Bytnerowicz et al.2007; Hickler et al.2012). Following the discussion on forest decline, a national forest monitoring wasestablished, consisting of the periodic assessment of crown condition, the establish-ment of selected Intensive Forest Monitoring sites as well as the nationwide crownand soil condition inventory (National Forest Soils Inventory; NFSI). In 1984, thecrown condition plots were established on a 16
16 km grid. The 8
8 km grid ofNFSI plots was subsequently installed based on the same grid. As a consequence,every fourth NFSI plot is one of the original crown condition plots that became partof the European Level I net of the UN/ECE“International Co-operative Programmeon Assessment and Monitoring of Air Pollution Effects on Forests”(ICP Forests)and were also part of the EU BioSoil project. In 2006, a soil inventory took place onthese plots. All data had been submitted to the Joint Research Centre (JRC) of theeuropean commission.

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Ketersediaan

Informasi Detail

Judul Seri

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No. Panggil

577.8243 WEL e

Penerbit

Switzerland : Springer Nature., 2019

Deskripsi Fisik

388 hlm

Bahasa

English

ISBN/ISSN

9783030157340

Klasifikasi

577.8243

Tipe Isi

text

Tipe Media

computer

Tipe Pembawa

online resource

Edisi

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Subjek

Ecological Communities in Germany

Info Detail Spesifik

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Pernyataan Tanggungjawab

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Versi lain/terkait

Lampiran Berkas

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