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E-book Preferable Futures
The present has made a pressing matter of the future. The crises of the present—climate change, biodiversity crises, the foreseeable scarcity of resources, energy consumption, and (more) pandemics—have thrown human existence, or at least the specific lifestyles we cultivate, into question. One probable future that looms on the horizon is of particular concern: if pro-ducts continue to be manufactured (by major companies) and consumed (by large numbers of people or in powerful societies) as they currently are, we will reach certain tipping points that will make life on planet Earth impossible, or at least extremely difficult, for the human species.1 This catastrophic vision calls for action in the present, and in recent years, Fridays for Future, Extinction Rebellion, and other social movements have once more been raising this emphatic demand, a stance that was sub-stantiated in legal terms in March 2021, when the German Federal Constitutional Court issued a judgement confirming that current emission reduction requirements limit future generations’ rights to freedom.2 This clearly shows how present conditions color our vision of the future, and how this vision in turn informs our actions in the present.3 This dual reference to the present day applies not only to future disasters but to how we envision, draft, and negotiate preferable futures. In that context, current debates on climate change, on the measures taken to reach the 1.5-degree target, and on subjective lifestyles indicate that matters of distribution and power are at issue here (see Horn 2018). The creation of preferable futures requires negotiation processes that involve many different stakeholders. The basic premise of this book is that any projection of the future by necessity contains both non-knowledge and knowledge, and thus creates action. Accordingly, we cannot expect any one projection of the future to occur, as its prediction alone generates actions that in turn modify it. In this sense, we assume that there cannot truly be just one future, only more or less probable, more or less possible futures (from the present perspective). The chapters included here aim to address how envisioning, drafting, and negotiating preferable futures always contains the aforementioned dual reference to the present day (knowledge and non-knowledge, potential practices and excluded actions). We feel it is necessary to reveal and reflect this dual reference (and the production conditions of potential futures) as much as possible—reflecting on the historic genealogy of such productions while doing so. This (also) means focusing on the conflict between current dis-course and the situation that arises from this discourse and yet is simultaneously viewed as problematic.
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