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E-book Wadi Flash Floods : Challenges and Advanced Approaches for Disaster Risk Reduction

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Penilaian

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Sustainable management of wadiflashflood (WFF) risks is desperatelyneeded to secure development in wadi systems. Due to rapidflow generation withsudden highflood peaks, spatiotemporal variability of rainfall occurrence, andpoorly sited rapid development, most Middle East and North Africa (MENA)region have no comprehensive proper protection from WFFs. In arid regions, singlemitigation measures, including storage dams, recharge dams, artificial lakes andembankments, are implemented, although soft mitigation measures are not domi-nant, such as early warning systems. The single management strategy under climatechange impacts is not adequate to reduceflashflood risks; an integrated strategy isrequired. The objective of the international symposium onflashfloods (ISFF)project has been to develop scientific understanding of WFFs in wadi systems;monitor, model, and mitigate; issue warnings; and plan urban development bydiscussing and networking the strategies in the MENA region. To achieve this goal,the project defines priorities for future research challenges and potential projects forWFFs. This chapter provides a state-of-the-art scientific basis in terms of integratedflashflood management. Further, priorities are defined for the main research gaps,and the emerging research methodologies can contribute to guide the managementof WFFs in such region Wadi’is an Arabic word that is commonly used to refer to dry stream channels andephemeral streams or valleys typically in arid zones, such as in the Middle East andNorth Africa (MENA) countries (Jackson and Bates1997;Sen2008). In the past(before the year 2003, usually in late October or November), rainfall in the wadiscan be described as episodic, varying widely on spatial and temporal scales, withmany years receiving no precipitation at all. Recently, in the last 10 years, wadiflashfloods (WFFs) in arid regions have become catastrophic and more frequentdue to climate change impacts. In direct response to intense and usually suddenrains, WFFs can produce enough runoff such that wadisflow for some distancewithin the basin, but theflow often does not reach the coast because of hightransmission losses, as documented by El Bastawesy et al. (2009), who analyzedpre- and post-flood remotely sensed data. Therefore, water harvesting offlashfloodwater can be a significant approach to mitigate some potential wadis.Floods are natural disasters worldwide; however, their adverse impact is superiorin developing countries (Alcántara-Ayala2002). It was recently reported by theUnited Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNISDR) that Arabian coun-tries were affected by many disasters (approximately 270) over the last 30 years,resulting in over 150,000 deaths and influencing approximately 10 million people(Guha-Sapir et al.2016). Recently, WFFs have been extreme and frequent in mostof the MENA arid zone, resulting in substantial economic and property losses. Forinstance,flashfloods struck Egypt, Jordan, and Saudi Arabia 39 times from 1900–2016, causing 1,508 casualties and significant damages exceeding 1.8 billion USD(De Vries et al.2018). For instance, October 2016flashfloods left 26 dead peopleand tens of millions of USD in damages in Ras Gharib City (Abdel-Fattah et al.2017).

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Ketersediaan

Informasi Detail

Judul Seri

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No. Panggil

551.57 SUM w

Penerbit

Singapore : Springer Nature., 2022

Deskripsi Fisik

559 hlm

Bahasa

English

ISBN/ISSN

9789811629044

Klasifikasi

551.57

Tipe Isi

text

Tipe Media

computer

Tipe Pembawa

online resource

Edisi

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Subjek

Hydrometeorology

Info Detail Spesifik

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Pernyataan Tanggungjawab

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Versi lain/terkait

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