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E-book Reflexively Speaking : Metadiscourse in English as a Lingua Franca

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Penilaian

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Ten years ago, I remarked on the surprisingly small proportion of metadiscoursestudies that investigated spoken discourse compared to the total amount of meta-discourse research (Mauranen 2012). This is still true, even though much more re-search has been devoted to spoken discourses since then. The proportional gapremains enormous. If we look for studies addressing not only speaking in general,but speaking in dialogic interaction, the result is hardly visible to the naked eye.The ultimate reason for studying metadiscourse has not changed. It is the in-trinsic fascination of this fundamental characteristic of human language: the abil-ity to reflect on itself. This inbuilt capacity in our languages is an indication of amore general capacity of the human mind to monitor its own operations, that is,metacognition. We can think about our own thinking, and we can talk about ourown talking. Language is nevertheless not only an instrument of cogitation, but ofcommunication. Dialogic speech is where cognition meets interaction; metadis-course is one of the resources that language has for increasing the transparencyof our intended meanings and communicative intentions to our interlocutors. Itbuilds on our theory of mind, which makes assumptions about what our interloc-utors or audiences know and think, and thereby helps us design our talk for ourrecipients accordingly. Importantly, metadiscourse is a discourse phenomenon,therefore not reducible to individual words or phrases, and even when individualmetadiscoursal expressions coincide with a word or phrase, it is their status inthe discourse that matters. Therefore, counting‘metadiscourse markers’,usefulas it may be for comparisons, generally makes for conservative rather than inno-vative research.Speech is foundational to language, unquestionably its most ubiquitous andconstant mode of use, and can with a high degree of confidence be said to be itsoriginal mode (possibly vying for first place with sign language); spoken interac-tion is what language is fundamentally about. Passing it over in studies of meta-discourse is a major omission.Two things, then, motivate writing a book on metadiscourse in spoken inter-action: metadiscourse research has all but ignored spoken interaction, and spo-ken interaction research has all but ignored metadiscourse.What reason do we have, then, for assuming that investigating dialogic speechmight bring new understanding to the study of metadiscourse? Most studies com-paring written and spoken metadiscourse, or only studying the latter, have foundno major differences. The early studies that compared metadiscourse in speech andwriting discovered only minor differences (Luukka 1995; Ädel 2010), and although ome more recent studies have begun to challenge their similarity somewhat more(Lee & Subtirelu 2015; Liu 2021), they have not come up with radical departures ei-ther. Even without direct comparison, studies of spoken academic monologues likelectures or presentations have applied analytical models built on written texts andfound largely similar metadiscourse (e.g., Rowley-Jolivet & Carter-Thomas 2005;Webber 2005; Pérez-Llantada 2006; Fernández Polo 2018), with some scholars observ-ing more colloquial expressions (Flowerdew and Tauroza 1995; Zareva 2011). Morerecently, these more traditional academic speech genres have received an additionfrom a short presentation type, the three-minute pitch, or three-minute thesis pre-sentation (3MT), where doctoral students present their research in competitive set-tings. The 3MT has become a popular topic for metadiscourse research (Zou &Hyland 2020; Hyland & Zou 2022; Qiu & Jiang 2021; Liu 2021) and other kinds of dis-course studies. Again, the studies have applied Hyland’s (2005) writing-based modelwith no major alterations or additions, and again the mode is monologic.

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Ketersediaan

Informasi Detail

Judul Seri

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No. Panggil

410 MAU r

Penerbit

Berlin : De Gruyter., 2023

Deskripsi Fisik

249 hlm

Bahasa

English

ISBN/ISSN

9783110295498

Klasifikasi

410

Tipe Isi

text

Tipe Media

computer

Tipe Pembawa

online resource

Edisi

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Subjek

Linguistics

Info Detail Spesifik

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Pernyataan Tanggungjawab

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Versi lain/terkait

Lampiran Berkas

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