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E-book Examining Auditory Selective Attention

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Penilaian

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Communication in noisy reverberant environments is an immense challenge forour auditory attention. Referred to as the ?cocktail-party effect?, it has beenin the interest of research since Cherry [26] reported his initial study askingparticipants to selectively listen to one ear while ignoring the speech from adistracting speaker in the other ear. Using dichotic-listening paradigms, manydifferent facets of auditory attention have been analyzed in the last decades(among others [20, 169, 32, 140, 22]).Recently, Koch and colleagues [74] applied dichotic listening to examine inten-tional switching of auditory selective attention. The paradigm is based on thecombination of dichotic listening [26] with the methodology of task cueing [107].Koch and colleaguesŠ auditory task-switching paradigm differs from other stud-ies on attention switches (for example [81,150,165]). These studies deal withinvoluntary attention switches, meaning that the attention switches are not in-structed but occurred spontaneously. In contrast, Koch and colleagues explicitlyemphasize the examination of endogenous, voluntary attention switches.In the present paradigm attention switches are cued in advance and referredto the targetŠs gender or the targetŠs location, indicating that the targetŠs lo-cation/gender is switched or repeated between subsequent trials. To be moreprecise, a switch of the targetŠs location means that the target is positioned to theleft side in the preceding trial and in the following trial the target is positioned tothe right side. Further studies [72,73,85,89,86,88,87,162,163,161,164] thatuse the introduced dichotic-listening paradigm report about their main ?ndingon a cued switch of the relevant target which resulted in a worse performancethan a cued repetition of the relevant targetŠs speaker gender.To examine whether the irrelevant auditory information is encoded, an interfer-ence in the processing of task-relevant and task-irrelevant information is createdin the paradigm. The participantsŠ task is to categorize the spoken digit (1 to9, excluding 5) presented by the target speaker into categories of smaller orgreater than ?ve. To respond to the task the associated response button hasto be pressed. The two simultaneously presented stimuli of one trial are either congruent or incongruent. To be more precise, for congruent trials digits areeither both smaller than ?ve or both greater than ?ve and therefore call for thesame response. In incongruent trials, one digit is smaller and one is greater than?ve and therefore call for different responses. ParticipantsŠ performance measuresare smaller in congruent trials than in incongruent trials which is numerouslycon?rmed [74,72,73,85,89,86,88,87,162,163,161,164]. The ?congruencyeffect? [71] suggests the lack of inhibition and therefore a processing of irrelevantinformation [134].The dichotic-listening paradigm on intentional switching of auditory selectiveattention has several advantages: it is technically very easy to handle and con-venient, it uses experimentally well-controlled stimuli, and it is capable of veryprecise performance measures. However, to completely understand the cognitivecontrol mechanisms underlying auditory selective attention in realistic environ-ments utilizing dichotic listening is not sufficient. A dichotic presentation is ahighly arti?cial situation compared to natural listening. A realistic ?cocktail-party? scenario includes a number of additional cues that are associated withbinaural hearing.

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1AA9jmeUSRh3mPn8jys-um8PC4Igy10Ky/view?usp=drive_link

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Ketersediaan

Informasi Detail

Judul Seri

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No. Panggil

621.381 OBE e

Penerbit

Berlin : Logos Verlag Berlin., 2020

Deskripsi Fisik

186 hlm

Bahasa

English

ISBN/ISSN

9783832551018

Klasifikasi

621.381

Tipe Isi

text

Tipe Media

computer

Tipe Pembawa

online resource

Edisi

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Subjek

Electronics

Info Detail Spesifik

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Pernyataan Tanggungjawab

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Versi lain/terkait

Lampiran Berkas

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