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E-book The Children of Looked After Children : Outcomes, Experiences and Ensuring Meaningful Support to Young Parents In and Leaving Care
This book is based on a research study which took place within CASCADE at Cardiff University, between October 2014 and March 2019. Funded by Health and Care Research Wales, the study was divided into several stages and incorporated a mixed method design. The study was specifi cally concerned with the Welsh context and each of the 22 local authorities in Wales participated in one or more phases. Ethical approval was granted by Cardiff University’s Social Research Ethics Committee. The study sought to prioritise the views and perspectives of ‘experts by experience’ (Preston- Shoot 2007 ). This included involving care- experienced young people in both advisory and participatory roles within the study. For its duration, the study was supported by an advisory group of care- experienced parents. The study sought to provide detailed accounts of parents’ views and perspectives as presented by these participants. As argued by Rubin and Rubin ( 2012 : 3), in- depth qualitative interviewing allows researchers to ‘explore in detail the experiences, motives and opinions of others and learn to see the world from perspectives other than their own’. Related to this, the study also sought to include the refl ections of social care professionals; professionals with experience of working with parents in and leaving care, and with knowledge of corporate parenting responsibilities and capabilities. As argued by Cresswell and Plano Clark ( 2011 ), mixed methods designs are advantageous in producing more evidence and answering more questions than qualitative or quantitative designs alone. Through the collection of survey data and secondary analysis of national data sets, the study sought to investigate the issue at a national as well as individual scale. In this way, it was hoped that the design would speak to multiple audiences and answer multiple questions with respect to outcomes, experience and support. The research study incorporated the following phases: stage one provided an introduction into some of the key issues and concerns of parents in and leaving care. Eight exploratory interviews were conducted with care- experienced parents. Although not part of the initial grant proposal, at the outset of the study, some parents had requested opportunity to participate in the research and to speak about their experiences. The initial interviews provided a valuable foundation from which to approach the remainder of the study. Two third- sector agencies, with a support remit spanning south and west Wales, facilitated parents’ participation in a qualitative interview. Two parents were the primary carers for their children but six had experienced the permanent and compulsory removal of their child/ ren. At the time of interview, 12 of the 16 children born to the participants were also in care or had been adopted. Stage two was concerned with existing evidence and involved a review of the international literature. The review included literature from published and unpublished sources with a focus on parent and professional perspectives, risk and protective factors with respect to early pregnancy and parenthood and evidence regarding outcomes. It was hoped that this phase of the research would identify evaluations of supportive interventions designed for parents in and leaving care. Yet, despite repeated ‘calls to action’ (Fallon and Broadhurst, 2015 : 4) the evidence base with respect to ‘what works’ is underdeveloped. Stage three was concerned with outcomes. First, qualitative interviews were undertaken with representatives of leaving- care services from each of the 22 local authorities across Wales. The interviews were designed to explore practice experience, as well as local support provision for young parents in and leaving care. In addition, 20 out of the 22 local authorities were asked to complete a survey for each young person who was pregnant or a parent, and who was currently eligible for support from the local authority as a child ‘looked after’ or leaving care. The survey required non- identifi able information but asked for details about parents’ identifi ed needs and support resources, as well as information about the living arrangements of children. This included questions as to whether children were in the care of their parents (with or without statutory involvement), or whether they were separated and the children were living with other family, local authority carers or had been adopted. This phase was designed to provide a ‘snapshot’ of the practice context in Wales, including current numbers of young parents, professional perceptions of risk and protective factors with respect to parenting, as well as the extent of additional support and intervention by statutory social services.
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