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E-book Functional Somatic Symptoms in Children and Adolescents : A Stress-System Approach to Assessment and Treatment

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Penilaian

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Every day in hospitals, doctors’ surgeries, and school sick bays around the world, children (including adolescents) present with what have come to be known as functional somatic symptoms. These symptoms are ones that cannot be explained by an identifiable disease process—even after an extensive medical assessment has been done. They reflect, instead, disturbances of neurophysiological regulation that cause the child to suffer physical discomfort (e.g., pain, dizziness, or nausea) or disruptions of various kinds (e.g., irregular bowel or bladder function), to experience disturbances of motor or sensory processes or capacities (e.g., paralysis, loss of vision, or seizure events), or to lose the sense of health and well-being (e.g., exhaustion, general malaise, or fatigue).In contemporary medicine, doctors use the term functional to dis-tinguish such disorders or symptoms from those that are caused by an objectively identifiable disease process (Roenneberg etal. 2019). In hos-pital corridors one might therefore hear doctors saying that the neuro-logical symptoms or abdominal pain or hearing loss is functional rather than organic. What they’re communicating is that standard medicines will not work; some other approach is required. The term functional somatic symptoms thus parallels how functional is used in medical con-texts: to borrow from Mayou and Farmer (2002, p. 265), it assumes ‘only a disturbance in bodily functioning’, with no further implication regarding causation. It is important to note, too, that the word func-tional as used in this book has no connection to how the word is used within the fields of clinical psychology or family therapy, where the cli-nician may, for example, conceptualize a symptom or dynamic as hav-ing a function for the child within the family system.In this book our use of the term functional moves beyond the func-tional/organic distinction to take into account recent advances in neuroscience. As the reader will see in the following chapters, the ‘dis-turbance[s] in bodily function’ underlying functional somatic symp-toms involve disturbances in neurophysiological regulation. These disturbances (resulting in too much activation, too little activation, or aberrant patterns of activation) are the result of cumulative or, in some cases, acute stress, either physical or psychological. And these changes in neurophysiological regulation are themselves often accompanied by dis-cernible changes in structure on a cellular or tissue level (not just func-tion; see Chapters 4 and 8, and Online Supplements 4.2, 4.3, and 8.2). Throughout history—and in today’s contemporary medicine—functional somatic symptoms have been given many different names and been classified, by different medical specialties, in many differ-ent ways (for more about terminology, see Online Supplement 1.1). Throughout this book we use the term functional somatic symptoms as an umbrella term that includes all the different types of functional symp-toms that occur across all body systems and that present to doctors who work across the full range of medical specialties.Because functional somatic symptoms occur more frequently in girls than in boys, we generally use the pronoun she to reflect this clinical reality.

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Ketersediaan

Informasi Detail

Judul Seri

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No. Panggil

616.8917 KOZ f

Penerbit

Switzerland : Palgrave Macmillan., 2020

Deskripsi Fisik

397 hlm

Bahasa

English

ISBN/ISSN

9783030461843

Klasifikasi

616.8917

Tipe Isi

text

Tipe Media

computer

Tipe Pembawa

online resource

Edisi

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Subjek

Psychiatry

Info Detail Spesifik

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Pernyataan Tanggungjawab

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Versi lain/terkait

Lampiran Berkas

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