Text

E-book Seawater Reverse Osmosis (SWRO) Desalination : Energy consumption in plants, advanced low-energy technologies, and future developments for improving energy efficiency

---

Penilaian

---

Fresh water is essential for human life [1, 2]. Securing fresh water is one of the most important issues for humankind. However, human population has increased steadily, and millions of people are concentrated in metropolitan cities [3, 4]. The amount of natural freshwater is insufficient to meet the demands of the population [5]. Thus, fresh water must be produced from saline water resources to extend the capacity of the water supply. Desalination is defined as a methodology that removes/separates minerals and ions from saline water to obtain fresh water [6]. Therefore, the type and amount of dissolved minerals and ions in the feed water are very important for determining the appropriate desalination methodology. For example, seawater contains many minerals and ions that are very minute in size. Therefore, it is not sufficient to separate seawater to produce freshwater by using a simple filtration step such as microfiltration (MF) or ultrafiltration (UF). Thus, the characteristics of each desalination methodology should be considered to determine the appropriate method for each feed water type.Desalination is usually conducted using two methodologies for separation: thermal-based desalination and membrane-based desalination. Before advances in membrane desalination technology, thermal-based desalination was widely utilized because it has many advantages, such as easy adaptability and producibility of high-quality freshwater. Humans have been supplying freshwater from saline water using thermal-based desalination for thousands of years. To satisfy the production capacity with increasing human population, this traditional method has been developed for advanced thermal desalination technologies such as multistage flash (MSF) and multi-effect distillation MED) [7]. Over the past several decades, with the development of membrane technology [8], membrane-based desalination has attracted the attention of many researchers due to its many advantages, such as easy scale-up and low energy consumption [9]. Many membrane-based desalination technologies, such as forward osmosis (FO), reverse osmosis (RO), capacitive deionization (CDI), and electrodialysis (ED), have been developed [10]. Among these membrane-based desalination technologies, RO has been regarded as one of the most widely utilized desalination technologies for freshwater production [11–14]. The increased preference for RO is obvious for seawater desalination. It can be clearly identified that the capacities of installed RO plants for seawater desalination were much higher than 65% of the overall installed capacities for seawater desalination in 2013 [15]. The overall price of desalination systems has been reduced. Therefore, it is expected that desalination capacity will continuously increase [9]. Under these circumstances, RO systems are a major technology for the utilization of seawater desalination.Low energy consumption is the most attractive advantage of RO systems for seawater desalination [16, 17]. The main reason RO systems consume lower energy than thermal-based desalination is that phase transition is not required for the separation from feed water to permeate water (freshwater) and concentrated brine. Meanwhile, the energy consumption and the required operating pressure in the RO system are directly correlated with the feed water concentration [11, 12]. Therefore, it is important to consider the feed concentration for RO system design.

---

Ketersediaan

Informasi Detail

Judul Seri

-

No. Panggil

62.0.41 HON s

Penerbit

London : IWA Publishing., 2023

Deskripsi Fisik

168 hlm

Bahasa

English

ISBN/ISSN

9781789061215

Klasifikasi

62.0.41

Tipe Isi

text

Tipe Media

computer

Tipe Pembawa

online resource

Edisi

-

Subjek

-

Info Detail Spesifik

-

Pernyataan Tanggungjawab

-

Versi lain/terkait

Lampiran Berkas

Komentar

---

Anda harus masuk sebelum memberikan komentar