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E-book The Crisis of the 14th Century

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Penilaian

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A combination of all three aspects is also feasible. For example, the cult of a protective saint against the plague spreads in a European region hardly affected by the Black Death, even as the pandemic itself was sparked in part by changing precipitation pat-terns in Central Asia.Perhaps it is more useful to think of the multi-level impacts of a meteorological extreme event on a society (as the sole or contributory factors) as a social equivalent to what climatologists define as an oscillation: atmospheric phenomena that tend to vary above or below a mean value, in most of the cases in a periodic way.62 There is a variety of oscillation types63 as it might seem useful to re-categorize impacts based on their frequency and strength. The methodological approach proposed in more detail below, especially when it applied to the longue durée or at least multi-annual analy-sis, is comparable to what climatologists do. And yet is it not enough to add the idea of oscillation to our often fairly unnu-anced notion of “impact.” If we want to describe the “long arm of climate change” in historical research, it is useful to adopt the term of “societal teleconnection”, broadly defined as “mechanisms that produce inter-dependence in the vulnerabilities of eco-systems, people, and places”.65 Originally, the term “teleconnection” described the tendency for atmospheric circulation patterns to be related over large, not necessar-ily connected, areas.66 Significantly, the origins of meteorological theories on long- distance connections between meteorological events were caused by observations of the social impact of weather events. The first scholars to develop such hypotheses have been English metereologists in the service of the Indian Meteorological Department in the second half of the nineteenth century; they noted that snowfall in the Himalayas correlated to droughts in India, which repeatedly caused threatening famines.67 In the early twentieth century, systematic statistical analysis verified global correlations and weather patterns (“Yule-Walker equations”).68 As such, teleconnections became strongly associated with atmospheric oscillations.69 Teleconnections “often provide the missing piece in the understanding of climate patterns, both spatial and tempo-ral, that occur across the world.”70Hence, “teleconnection” can be seen as a heuristically sensible term to describe both direct and indirect causal links between historical phenomena of climatic and societal change. Combined with the physical meaning of teleconnection, this social enhancement of the term should be able to cover the three aspects to which a simpler impact/reac-tion scheme does not pay attention. Finally, from the perspective of global history, actual physical teleconnections as studied by climatologists and meteorologists might become in certain cases important heuristical tools which link similar events in regions that are otherwise not connected.

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Ketersediaan

Informasi Detail

Judul Seri

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No. Panggil

930.1 BAU t

Penerbit

Boston : De Gruyter., 2020

Deskripsi Fisik

307 hlm

Bahasa

English

ISBN/ISSN

9783110660784

Klasifikasi

930.1

Tipe Isi

text

Tipe Media

computer

Tipe Pembawa

online resource

Edisi

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Subjek

Archaeology

Info Detail Spesifik

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Pernyataan Tanggungjawab

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Versi lain/terkait

Lampiran Berkas

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