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E-book Making Moral Making Moral Judgments : Psychological Perspectives on Morality, Ethics, and Decision-Making

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Penilaian

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Moral judgments are the most significant social inferences people make about others and themselves. Those who are judged to be immoral are not just thought to be mistaken or misguided, but unacceptable in a fundamental way: corrupt, untrustworthy, malevolent, and possibly even evil. Moral philosophers’ detailed conceptual analyses of the nature of these judgments, along with psychologists’ more recent empirical studies, suggest that moral judgments are reserved for particularly offensive actions: those that cause harm to others and are incon-sistent with standards that, in the given social setting, demarcate the morally good and the morally bad. Yet, despite the critical importance of morality for maintaining stable interpersonal relationships in human societies, disagreement over what is moral and what is immoral is as likely as complete moral consensus. Many factors contribute to this diversity, but among them are differences in each person’s ethics position: Their personal moral philosophy regarding actions that cause others harm (idealism) and their stance with regard to the universality of moral standards (relativism). What will the seven-and-a-half billion people on the planet Earth do today? Some will work, toil at their tasks. Some will relax, vacationing with family and friends. Some will sleep the day away, others will exercise diligently, and some will study, cook dinner, or join with others in shared pursuits. But some will do things that differ from these routine, day-to-day activities. Some will save others’ lives. Some will donate their time to worthy causes. Some will spend another day working to make their community a better place. And then there are the others. The others who commit actions that are socially untoward: From the bigot who insults someone in a despised outgroup, the philandering husband who cheats on his wife of 20 years, the accountant who looks the other way when the boss asks him to obscure the company’s losses, to the thief, the rapist, the molester, and the murderer. On any given day, people will do things that are judged as commendable: good, fair, just, and moral. But they will also do things that earn them moral condemnation: they and their actions will be considered bad, unfair, unjust, and wrong. These moral judgments, like other types of valuations, range along a contin-uum from positive to negative. But unlike judgments of a person’s social skills, coordination, conscientiousness, and so on, moral judgments are perceptually and interpersonally persistent and their effects are far-reaching. They are not merely momentary inclinations or personal preferences but socially significant inferences that determine our understanding of ourselves, other people, and our most significant interactions and relationships. Since those who act in ways that others consider to be immoral are often met with negative sanctions, people must be able to predict how others are going to evaluate the things they do if they wish to avoid such sanctions.

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Ketersediaan

Informasi Detail

Judul Seri

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No. Panggil

305 FOR m

Penerbit

London : Taylor & Francis., 2020

Deskripsi Fisik

211 hlm

Bahasa

English

ISBN/ISSN

9780429352621

Klasifikasi

305

Tipe Isi

text

Tipe Media

computer

Tipe Pembawa

online resource

Edisi

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Subjek

Social Groups

Info Detail Spesifik

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Pernyataan Tanggungjawab

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Versi lain/terkait

Lampiran Berkas

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