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E-book Cash Flow : The Businesses of Menstruation
Menstrual culture is changing again. Since the new millennium, advertisements have moved from blue to red (liquid). Pink product packaging has been replaced with black. A dozen books about menstruation aimed at the general public have been published.2 Periods have become plot devices in television series, in an Oscar-winning documentary (Period. End of Sentence, 2018), and in two award-winning Bollywood films (Phullu, 2017 – see Figure 0.1; Pad Man,2018).Brands popularised by their disposability are now expanding into reusable options. ‘Period poverty’ is being challenged with free products throughout the world, via policies in New Zealand, Scotland and Kenya, and through the work of charities everywhere.3 Free products are available to people in the Norwegian military system, in British prisons, Scottish universities, Canadian schools, and in an increasing number of public buildings around the world.4 Sanitary bins and their specialist cleaning systems are being introduced to more toilets, including for men and users with disabilities.5 There are more choices of tampon, cup, and pad companies than ever before, some of which operate a buy-one-donate-one system. Artists are exhibiting and selling work featuring menstrual themes and blood, and partnering with product companies. You can buy T-shirts featuring menstrual masturbation, slinky underwear designed for ‘heavy days’, boy shorts designed for ‘light days’, and menstrual blankets designed for sleep. Traditional product placement has been joined by social media influencers’ reviews of menstrual products, together with branded informational and creative videos. You can track your cycle online, creating a valuable dataset which predicts ovulation, menstruation and menopause.What do all these changes have in common? In addition to the important work of adding to the cumulative destigmatisation of menstrual taboos begun by activists, educators and artists decades ago, they are all part of the booming menstrual economy.6 The ‘feminine hygiene products market’ (which officially includes pads, tampons, panty liners and menstrual cups, but not related paraphernalia nor digital technologies) is expected to reach $20.9 billion by 2022, and $27.7 billion by 2025.
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