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E-book Politics of Value: New Approaches to Early Money and the State : Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Classical Archaeology
As one of the most enduring icons of economic life, money has been a common feature and central focus in complex societies from antiquity to the present. Arguably, it gained weight as a key feature of Mediterranean economies in the course of the first millennium BC, mostly in the form of coinage. But money is more than just coin, and its significance more pervasive than just to the strict sphere of what is usually known as ‘the economy’. In this session, we aimed to bring together papers that explore how a more inclusive understanding of early money can shed new light on ancient economies and the diverse social and political realities to which they belonged. Our main interest, as reflected by the papers, was to explore critical perspectives on the relation between money and the state, in order to problematize presumed state control of money in society, and to foster an understanding of the role played by money in ancient society and economic history that does not need to be imposed top-down. More specifically, we are interested in whether the state was critical in promoting the social, political and economic innovation represented by new forms of money. In other words: to what extent were early forms of money anchored in state authorization, and what other anchoring devices may have been at play as alternatives, or in addition to the state and its symbols of power? In this introductory paper, we will offer some background to the relevance of this general theme, illustrated by two case studies from our own research. We will conclude with a brief outlook to the papers of the session. anchored in a range of specific contexts such as religion and cultic institutions, cultural and colonial interactions, elite strategies, military or economic expansion, and in the articulation of political messages. What follows is that while the use of money is always an expression of power, this power need not emanate from the state, but is part of the interplay between people and groups in society.
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