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E-book Integrating Food into Urban Planning
While urbanisation worldwide sets up unprecedented challenges for feeding cities with accessible, affordable food and healthy diets, urban food security and food systems are receiving growing attention at an international level and in a growing number of cities of all sizes. How-ever, the issue of food and urban planning is insufficiently covered in existing literature. How food is produced, processed, distributed, con-sumed, recovered and wasted and how local food systems complement rural agricultural production are issues that relate closely to urban planning, which can be either an opportunity to feed cities better or an obstacle to making food systems work sustainably. Although liter-ature on this topic is limited, and there exist very few comprehensive planning textbooks that properly consider food planning and the inte-gration of food systems, which may be part of formal and/or informal food systems, some cities and regions have made huge progress over recent years. However, their practices have not been made visible to a wide audience, and reflections on their limitations and successes deserve greater attention.This book aims to address these gaps through a wide range of con-tributions written either by urban food practitioners or by scholars and researchers specialising in topics related to food system planning. These chapters are grounded in the reality of 20 cities and towns of quite different scales and sizes (see Table 0.1) and clearly indicate that innovations and critical reflections are emerging across the board, from small and medi-um-sized cities – according to international standards, of less than 500 000 inhabitants – such as Minneapolis or Providence in the US, up to megacities and metropolitan regions of well beyond 10 million inhabitants, such as Tokyo, New York and Hangzhou. Some of these experiences and this critical research arises in regional capitals containing between one and five million inhabitants, such as Cape Town in South Africa, Yogyakarta in Indonesia, Milan in Italy and Belo Horizonte in Brazil. This selection of cities, of dif-ferent size and dynamics, from all over the world – (see Figure 0.1) – sub-stantiate some key lessons transcending local specificities or spaces. Some of them are mentioned in this introduction and expanded upon in the chap-ters. They, hopefully, bring insights applicable to the systemic food planning of tomorrow’s cities. This introduction highlights some food security and nutrition chal-lenges faced by the twenty-first century’s urbanising world which are cru-cial for professional and non-professional urban food planners engaging in food planning processes.
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