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E-book Beyond Media Borders : Intermedial Relations among Multimodal Media
In recent decades, a flurry of excellent scholarship has described media and processes of mediation in increasingly expansive terms. Media, much of this work posits, is not only the specific technologies by which informa-tion is disseminated, but also any communicative conduit that conveys ideas or meaning between one place or person and another. As Lars Elleström described in his original “Modalities of media” article and fur-ther elucidates in his essay in this volume, for example, media products—phenomenon, objects, bodies, and/or extensions of bodies—transfer “cognitive imports” between the “producer’s mind,” where they originated, consciously or unconsciously, and the “perceiver’s mind,” where they are received bearing some resemblance to their original state (Elleström 2020: 12–13). Elleström’s and other scholarship then elabo-rate and concretize these models with examples: a dancer develops a con-cept, generates choreography, and uses their body as a medium of display upon and through which audience members see, hear, and feel some ver-sion of that original concept. A photographer sees a scene, decides how to frame and compose it, and captures it on film; the digital photo or print enables viewers to glimpse a version of that original scene. For obvious reasons, these examples almost always involve successful communication: the viewer gets a sense of what is pictured, the photographer deems their captured image acceptable, the audience is able to make sense of the dance, and the choreographer and dancer both feel as if they have shared something with those present.However, media products—and particularly intermedial products—are not always able to transmit meanings and ideas so smoothly. And at times, media products are envisioned and created precisely so that they will likely not transmit meanings and ideas in a straightforward way. In this essay, I explore a series of historical and contemporary media objects and perfor-mances that do not necessarily facilitate a “successful” transfer of meaning, in part because of their intermedial configurations: a silent film about (and featuring repeated performances by) a ventriloquist, another that revolves around about an opera singer’s stage debut, radio broadcasts of film pro-grams in the 1920s, and finally, a modern American theater production that relays a narrative through a series of media practices rooted in histori-cal moments, geographies, and languages distant from most audience members’ experiences.
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