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E-book Security Sector Reform and Citizen Security : Experiences from Urban Latin America in Global Perspective

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Penilaian

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Security Sector Reform (SSR) is at a crossroads. SSR concepts and practices are embedded in international efforts to promote peace, security and development. They are widely considered an essential element of many multilateral and bilateral stabilization efforts and are a standard feature of the post-conflict toolkit.1 SSR is routinely commended for the way it can integrate siloed fields of security, justice and development.2 The centrality of SSR in peace support operations, political mandates and national efforts to build sustainable security institutions is frequently acknowledged in United Nations Security Council resolutions.3 Moreover, the importance of ensuring civilian oversight over security institutions and delivering accountable public security is singled out in Goal 16 (peaceful and inclusive societies) of the UN’s 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.4In theory, SSR ?s position in the global peace and security architecture has never been more secure.In spite of these noteworthy advances, the SSR concept and its track record are being seriously challenged by policy makers and scholars alike.5 Failure to reform the security sectors of Afghani-stan and Iraq have fueled doubts about the ‘viability of the paradigm.’6 Academics routinely criti-cize SSR for being too ‘normative’, ‘utopian’ and ‘donor driven.’7 SSR programs and projects are also regularly disparaged for being overly technocratic and emphasizing operational effectiveness at the expense of local context and the political dimensions of reform. Practitioners often bemoan the fact that donors too often favor a ‘one-size-fits-all’ approach to SSR.8 What is more, the state-centric application of the SSR paradigm in mostly conflict-affected states has led to questions about the concept’s utility for addressing both transnational and hyper-local challenges and for adapting to operational contexts that fall outside of the more conventional armed conflict and post-conflict environments.9Several efforts are underway to help upgrade and transition SSR to overcome these challenges. Some analysts now refer to ‘second generation SSR’, wherein its normative characteristics are de-emphasized, there is greater openness to engaging with non-state security and customary justice institutions and there is more proactive engagement with urban and non-conflict contexts.10 This paper aims to reinforce the evolution of next generation SSR by identifying lessons from settings outside conflict and post-conflict settings. It ?s particular contribution is to examine the applica-bility of SSR and analogous constructs in urban settings marked by high levels of organized violent crime. The authors focus in on efforts to strengthen and reform security and justice institutions in Latin America and the Caribbean, a veritable laboratory of public security innovation over the past three decades.Central to this paper is the connection between SSR and what is described as ‘citizen security’ across Latin America and the Caribbean. Ideas and practices associated with citizen security have informed national and subnational public security and criminal justice policies across the region for decades.11 The construct emerged partly in opposition to state-centric models of security and crime prevention that emphasized repression and punitive norms over those privileging prevention and human rights. The authors contend that ideas and insights from citizen security could greatly enrich the next generation of SSR in cities and potentially outside of them. The former’s emphasis on addressing multiple types of insecurity, emphasizing preventive measures based on a public health approach, introducing design changes to the social and built environment and engaging with notions of citizen co-existence and social cohesion are invaluable. A closer approximation could help renew and revitalize SSR so that it can better address challenges in unconventional settings, work with sub-national partners and contend with hyper-local realities that can rapidly unravel peace.

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Ketersediaan

Informasi Detail

Judul Seri

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No. Panggil

307.76 MUG s

Penerbit

London : Ubiquity Press., 2019

Deskripsi Fisik

58 hlm

Bahasa

English

ISBN/ISSN

9781911529750

Klasifikasi

307.76

Tipe Isi

text

Tipe Media

computer

Tipe Pembawa

online resource

Edisi

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Subjek

Urban Communities, Cities

Info Detail Spesifik

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Pernyataan Tanggungjawab

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Versi lain/terkait

Lampiran Berkas

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