Text

E-book Dryland Social-Ecological Systems in Changing Environments

---

Penilaian

---

Drylands encompass land areas characterized by a mean annual precipitation to mean annual potential evapotranspiration ratio (known as the aridity index) below 0.65. The aridity index defines four distinct dryland subtypes: hyper-arid (aridity index < 0.05), arid (0.05 ?aridity index < 0.20), semi-arid (0.20 ?aridity index < 0.50) and dry sub-humid (0.50 ?aridity index < 0.65). This definition classifies drylands as covering approximately 41% of the Earth’s land surface, sustaining diverse ecosystems that deliver essential goods and services to over 2 billion inhabitants residing in these regions (Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MEA) 2005). Drylands are a critical part of the Earth’s systems functioning due to their contri-bution to the global carbon cycle and their role in climate regulation both regionally and globally, as well as being a major reservoir of biodiversity (including the orig-inal genotypes of many key cereals) and host to immense human cultural diversity (Buisson et al. 2022;Castroetal 2018; Maestre et al. 2022; Safriel et al. 2005; Wang et al. 2022). Their ability to deliver these services compared to other terrestrial environments is challenged due to low water availability (Pr ?av ?alie 2016), long dry spells (Wang et al. 2012), and hard to recovery from degradation due to the reduced social-ecological resilience (Cowie et al. 2018; Stafford-Smith et al. 2009). The hydrological balance plays a central role in dryland regions (Verstraete et al. 2009). Extended periods of limited water availability result in sparse vegetation cover with great temporal and spatial fluctuation, and great vulnerability to global environ-ment changes and anthropogenic disturbances (Safriel & Adeel 2008). An estimated 1 billion of dryland human inhabitants depend directly on ecosystem services for their livelihoods; despite being attuned to the challenges of dryland conditions when undisturbed, this population rapidly becomes vulnerable when these challenges are exacerbated—becoming a ‘canary in the coalmine’ for global change. Dryland ecosystems offer a wealth of ecosystem goods and services for human well-being (Safriel et al. 2005; Stafford-Smith et al. 2009). Ecosystem services (ES) in drylands are water constrained, highly variable, and vulnerable to environmental changes; and there are clear trade-offs and synergies among ES such as water supply, food production and regulation services such as carbon fixation and soil conserva-tion (D’Odorico et al. 2013). Water crises, land degradation and desertification are pervasive and have the potential to lead to a collapse of life support systems in the absence of appropriate conservation and utilization strategies. This presents profound implications for the livelihoods of marginalized communities on a local scale and can also trigger migration, unrest, and economic instability at regional and global levels—extending well beyond the boundaries of dryland areas.

---

Ketersediaan

Informasi Detail

Judul Seri

-

No. Panggil

910.02 SMI d

Penerbit

Singapore : Springer Nature., 2024

Deskripsi Fisik

423 hlm

Bahasa

English

ISBN/ISSN

9789819993758

Klasifikasi

910.02

Tipe Isi

text

Tipe Media

computer

Tipe Pembawa

online resource

Edisi

-

Subjek

The Earth, Physical Geograph

Info Detail Spesifik

-

Pernyataan Tanggungjawab

-

Versi lain/terkait

Lampiran Berkas

Komentar

---

Anda harus masuk sebelum memberikan komentar